In May 2023, Pakistan's headline inflation reached a record high of 37.97% on a year-on-year basis. This unprecedented surge was driven by high food prices, energy costs, and the devaluation of the rupee, posing a major challenge for the PDM government's economic management.

This amendment barred retired military officers from participating in political activities for two years after their retirement. For those who served in sensitive positions, the ban was extended to five years, aimed at maintaining the institutional neutrality of the armed forces.

The Official Secrets (Amendment) Bill 2023 was passed by the Parliament in its final days. It initially contained provisions allowing intelligence agencies to search any person or place without a warrant, though some of the most controversial clauses were later modified following intense criticism from both treasury and opposition benches.

The 7th Population and Housing Census, conducted in early 2023, was Pakistan's first digital census. The results, approved by the Council of Common Interests (CCI) in August 2023, showed the population at 241.49 million and became the basis for new delimitation of constituencies.

The amendment to the Elections Act 2017 reduced the disqualification period for lawmakers under Article 62(1)(f) to a maximum of five years. This was widely seen as a move to clear the way for PML-N leader Nawaz Sharif and IPP leader Jahangir Tareen to participate in future elections.

This Act aimed to limit the discretionary powers of the Chief Justice of Pakistan regarding the formation of benches and the initiation of suo motu proceedings. It proposed that such decisions be made by a committee of three senior judges, a move that sparked a significant legal debate over judicial independence.

In January 2023, Pakistan and the United Nations co-hosted the International Conference on Climate Resilient Pakistan in Geneva. The conference was highly successful for the PDM government, as international donors pledged over $9 billion to help the country recover from the devastating 2022 floods.

In May 2023, the National Assembly passed the Contempt of Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament) Bill, which gave the Parliament the authority to punish any person or institution for contempt of the house or its committees. This was seen as a move to assert parliamentary supremacy over other institutions.

Dr. Arif Alvi, who was elected in 2018 as a nominee of the PTI, continued to serve as the President of Pakistan throughout the PDM government's tenure. He completed his five-year term in September 2023 but continued to hold office under the constitutional provision until the election of his successor in 2024.

Anwaarul Haq Kakar, a senator from Balochistan, was appointed as the Caretaker Prime Minister of Pakistan on August 14, 2023. He was selected after consensus between the outgoing Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif and the Leader of the Opposition Raja Riaz to lead the country through the interim period until the next elected government took charge.