‘Amwal’ in Arabic refers to wealth or property, central to discussions in fiqh al-mu‘amalat.

Maisir refers to gambling or speculative behavior, prohibited in Islamic finance.

Bai’ is Arabic for sale, a lawful means of income in Shariah.

Riba refers to any guaranteed increase in a loan or debt without risk-sharing, strictly prohibited in Islam.

The word 'Yukawwiru' specifically means to wind or coil something around a sphere (like a turban). This Quranic description implies that the Earth is spherical, as the transition between night and day can only occur through 'wrapping' if the surface is rounded.

The word 'Yasbahun' comes from the root 'Sabaha,' meaning to swim or float. The Quranic use of this term to describe celestial bodies moving through space (Falak) is seen as a poetic and accurate description of the motion of planets and stars within the vacuum of space.

The term 'Alaqah' accurately describes the early embryo: it looks like a leech, it is suspended (attached) to the uterine wall, and it resembles a clot of blood due to its high blood vessel concentration. Scientific embryology, as noted by researchers like Dr. Keith Moore, finds these descriptions remarkably accurate for the first stages of pregnancy.

The Arabic word 'Anzalna' (We sent down) is used for things coming from outside Earth. Geophysics and astronomy confirm that iron is not native to Earth's original composition but was synthesized in massive stars (supernovae) and later deposited on Earth through meteoritic impacts, which aligns with the literal meaning of the Quranic term.

The Arabic word 'musi'un' in this verse literally means 'expanders' or 'expanding it.' While traditional scholars interpreted this as the vastness of the heavens, modern proponents of 'scientific miracles' point to Edwin Hubble's discovery in 1929 that the universe is continually expanding, suggesting the Quranic text aligns with modern cosmological models.

During the Abbasid era, many Greek scientific works were translated into Arabic.