The Afghan Taliban fully recaptured Afghanistan on 15 August 2021, which was 20 Years after their ouster in 2001.

The Government of India Act transferred control of the East India Company's affairs to the British Crown, placing Indian administration under direct royal authority.

As announced in September 2021, the trilateral security partnership between the USA, UK and Australia was styled 'AUKUS' to share capabilities including nuclear‑powered submarines in the Indo‑Pacific.

The Government of India Act (1858) transferred control of the East India Company’s administration to the British Crown after the 1857 uprising.

The given provincial GDP ratio for 2021–2022 is reported as 5.57 in the provided data.

Kharaj was the land tax historically levied on non-Muslim cultivators and landlords in early Islamic administration.

International Women’s Day is observed annually on March 8, so in 2021 it was celebrated on 8th March.

Reliability and validity are the cornerstones of any standardized test. Reliability ensures that the test produces consistent results across different administrations and groups. Validity ensures that the test actually measures the specific construct or learning outcome it claims to measure. Without these two properties, a test cannot be considered a valid or useful tool for making educational decisions or comparisons.

The Battle of Khaybar occurred in 628 AD (7 AH). It was a significant military engagement between the Muslims of Madina and the Jewish tribes residing in the oasis of Khaybar. The victory at Khaybar was a strategic success for the early Islamic state, securing the northern borders and neutralizing a major source of opposition. This event is well-documented in Islamic historical records as a pivotal moment in the consolidation of power in the Arabian Peninsula.

The reign of Caliph Walid bin Abdul-Malik (705–715 CE) is considered the golden age of Umayyad expansion. Under his leadership, the Islamic empire reached its greatest territorial extent. Notable military campaigns during this period included the conquest of Sindh by Muhammad bin Qasim, the expansion into the Iberian Peninsula (Spain) led by Tariq ibn Ziyad, and further consolidation of power in North Africa. His administration oversaw a period of immense military success and cultural growth.