Sardar Ayaz Sadiq of the PML-N was elected as the Speaker of the National Assembly for the third time in March 2024. He defeated the PTI-backed candidate Malik Muhammad Amir Dogar. The Speaker is the presiding officer of the house and maintains order during sessions.

In mutualism, both species benefit from the interaction. Examples include pollinators and flowers, or the bacteria living in a cow's rumen that help digest cellulose.

The chaparral (Mediterranean biome) is found in coastal areas. Its plants are fire-adapted and have small, tough leaves to conserve water during the dry season.

A food chain is a linear representation of who eats whom. A food web more accurately reflects an ecosystem by showing all the feeding relationships and how energy can take multiple routes through the community.

Planets that orbit stars other than our Sun are called exoplanets (extra-solar planets). Thousands have been discovered, ranging from rocky Earth-sized worlds to massive gas giants.