A cleft sentence splits information to emphasize a specific part. 'It was John who called' emphasizes 'John'.

It describes the type of day (a day characterized by fasting), functioning as a participle/adjective.

Here, 'right' describes the subject 'You'. It is an adjective.

Here, 'right' modifies the verb 'Turn' indicating direction. It functions as an adverb.

'Myself' is used here to emphasize that 'I' will do it, not anyone else. It is an emphatic (or intensive) pronoun.

'Burned' describes the state of the 'toast' resulting from a past action. It is a past participle used as an adjective.

'They' is used as a singular pronoun to refer to a person of unspecified or non-binary gender.

Here, 'before' joins the two clauses 'Call me' and 'you leave'. It is a subordinating conjunction.

Here, 'before' modifies the verb 'seen', indicating time, but has no object following it. It is an adverb.

'Your' modifies the noun 'turn' to show possession. It is a possessive adjective.