As a verb, 'to course' (بہنا) means to 'flow' (رواں ہونا) or run, especially of a liquid (e.g., tears coursing down cheeks).

A counterpart (ہم منصب) is a person or thing holding a position or function that corresponds to another. It is a 'duplicate' (نقل) or equivalent in another system.

As a verb, to counter (مخالفت کرنا) means to 'oppose' (روکنا) or speak out against something; to act in response.

A corollary (لازمی نتیجہ) is a proposition that follows from one already proved; a direct or 'natural consequence' (فطری نتیجہ) or result.

Cordial (خوشگوار) means warm, friendly, and sincere. 'Hearty' (پرتپاک) or heartfelt is the best synonym. 'Formal' (رسمی) is an antonym.

A copse (جھاڑیوں کا جھنڈ) is a small group of trees or bushes. 'Thicket' (گھنی جھاڑی) is a close synonym. 'Dead body' (لاش) is a 'corpse'.

To convey (پہنچانا) means to transport or 'deliver' (حوالے کرنا) something to a place. It can also mean to 'communicate' (اظہار کرنا) an idea.

To be conversant (واقف) with a topic means to be 'familiar' (مانوس) with it or knowledgeable about it. 'Ignorant' (جاہل) is the antonym.

To controvert (تردید کرنا) means to deny the truth of something or to 'contradict' (مخالفت کرنا) it. It is the root of 'controversy'.

A contretemps (ناخوشگوار واقعہ) is a minor or 'embarrassing mishap' (شرمناک غلطی) or dispute; an inopportune or awkward occurrence.