Here, 'like' shows a relationship of similarity between 'he' and 'his father'. It functions as a preposition taking 'father' as its object.

'Upper' describes the position of the noun 'shelf', making it an adjective.

'Seldom' tells how often the action occurs. Therefore, it is an adverb of frequency.

Here, 'all' modifies the noun 'day', indicating quantity or extent. It acts as an adjective or determiner.

'All' stands alone as the subject of the sentence representing 'everything', functioning as an indefinite pronoun.

'Written' is the past participle of 'write', functioning here as an adjective to modify 'word'.

'Himself' emphasizes the antecedent 'president'. It can be removed without changing the basic meaning, distinguishing it as an intensive pronoun.

Here, 'for' is used to introduce a reason or cause, joining two independent clauses. It functions as a coordinating conjunction (one of the FANBOYS).

'For' links the pronoun 'you' to the action, indicating the beneficiary. It is a preposition.

'Some' modifies the noun 'people' indefinitely (not specifying exactly which people), functioning as an indefinite adjective/determiner.