Relative pronouns (who, which, that, whom, whose) introduce relative clauses. 'Who' refers back to a person mentioned previously.

'Barked' expresses the action performed by the dog, so it is the verb of the sentence.

'During' indicates the time frame in relation to the noun phrase 'the movie', functioning as a preposition.

'Very' modifies the adjective 'tall', indicating the degree of tallness. Therefore, it is an adverb of degree.

Countable nouns are things that can be counted (e.g., one chair, two chairs). Water, information, and rice are typically uncountable.

'Am' works with the main verb 'running' to form the present continuous tense. It helps the main verb, making it an auxiliary verb.

'Oh' is an interjection used to express surprise or realization and is grammatically independent of the sentence.

Subordinating conjunctions connect a dependent clause to an independent clause. 'If' introduces the condition for the main action.

Articles (a, an, the) are a type of determiner that introduce nouns. 'An' is an indefinite article used before vowel sounds.

'Broken' is a past participle functioning as an adjective here, describing the state of the noun 'vase'.