Niccolò Machiavelli is frequently cited as the founder of modern political science because he separated politics from traditional Christian ethics and classical moral philosophy. In works like 'The Prince,' he focused on the 'effectual truth' of power, statecraft, and political realism rather than idealized visions of how rulers ought to behave. This shift toward empirical analysis and pragmatic governance defines the transition into the modern political era.

Machiavelli argued that the morality governing private individuals is distinct from the 'reason of state' that guides political leaders. In his view, statesmen must prioritize the survival and security of the state, which may necessitate actions that would be considered immoral or unethical if performed by a private citizen in their personal life.

Niccolò Machiavelli is renowned for separating political realism from traditional Christian ethics. In 'The Prince', he argues that a ruler must prioritize the stability and security of the state over personal moral virtues. He suggests that while ethics are important for private life, a prince must be prepared to act immorally if necessary to maintain power and order.

Niccolò Machiavelli is a quintessential Renaissance-era political thinker, active in the 15th and 16th centuries. In contrast, Aristotle, Plato, and Confucius are foundational figures of ancient political thought, dating back to the classical period of Greece and China. Machiavelli is often credited with separating political science from ethics, marking a transition toward modern political realism.

Machiavelli is often considered the first modern political thinker because he separated politics from theology and ethics. By analyzing power as it is (realism) rather than as it ought to be (idealism), he broke the medieval tradition where political authority was subordinate to religious doctrine. His work 'The Prince' established the autonomy of politics, focusing on statecraft, stability, and the effective exercise of power.

Niccolò Machiavelli is widely credited with separating politics from traditional morality and ethics. In 'The Prince', he focused on the 'effectual truth' of power and statecraft, arguing that a ruler must prioritize the stability and survival of the state over personal moral virtues. This marked a significant departure from the classical and medieval traditions that viewed politics as subordinate to ethics.

A free press is expected to act as a pillar of democracy by informing the public, holding power accountable, and fostering social cohesion. Encouraging communal disharmony is antithetical to these goals, as it undermines social stability and democratic values. Therefore, promoting division and hatred is universally regarded as a failure of journalistic ethics and a misuse of the freedom of the press.

The Second Administrative Reforms Commission (ARC) in India issued several reports addressing governance. The reports on Right to Information (1st), Unlocking Human Capital (2nd), Crisis Management (3rd), and Ethics in Governance (4th) were released in this specific sequence, reflecting the commission's systematic approach to administrative reform and transparency.

Impartiality in bureaucracy requires that officials act based on merit and law rather than personal gain or political pressure. Accepting grafts (bribes) constitutes corruption, which directly undermines the integrity, neutrality, and professional ethics of the civil service. Therefore, it is strictly prohibited in any functional administrative system.

The 1970s marked a major resurgence in normative political theory. This revival was largely catalyzed by the publication of John Rawls's 'A Theory of Justice' in 1971, which reinvigorated debates on ethics, justice, and the state, challenging the previous dominance of behavioralism and empirical political science that had sidelined normative inquiry.