Axiology is the branch of philosophy that deals with the study of values, including ethics and aesthetics. Since Shah Wali Ullah's focus on piety and virtue pertains to moral values and the determination of what is 'good' or 'right' in human life, it falls squarely under the domain of axiology, which examines the nature and hierarchy of values.

The society established by the Prophet Muhammad (SAW) was built upon a comprehensive framework. It integrated social justice, ensured peace and communal harmony, and prioritized moral and spiritual development. These elements collectively formed the foundation of the early Islamic community, aiming to create a balanced environment that fostered both individual piety and collective well-being in accordance with divine guidance.

The Kalima (the declaration of faith) serves as the core pillar and foundational basis of Islamic civilization. It defines the monotheistic belief system that shapes the worldview, social structure, legal framework, and moral conduct of the Muslim community. All other aspects of Islamic culture, ethics, and societal organization are derived from this central tenet of faith.

The Quran and the Sunnah (the practices and teachings of the Prophet Muhammad) constitute the primary sources of Islamic law and guidance. Together, they are viewed by Muslims as a comprehensive, divinely inspired framework that addresses all aspects of human existence, providing moral, social, and spiritual direction to ensure a righteous and balanced life.

The Maktab and Madrassa systems are foundational elements of the Islamic educational tradition. These institutions were developed by Muslims to provide religious and secular education, playing a vital role in the preservation and dissemination of knowledge throughout Islamic history.

In the Islamic educational system, education is considered inherently 'valueful' because it is deeply rooted in divine guidance and moral purpose. It is not merely a technical or secular pursuit but a holistic process aimed at spiritual, intellectual, and social development. By integrating worldly knowledge with religious ethics, the system ensures that education serves the higher purpose of human existence, making it a valuable endeavor for both the individual and the community.

Dar-e-Arqam is historically recognized as the first center of Islamic education established by the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) in Makkah. It served as a secret meeting place where early Muslims gathered to learn the Quran and the principles of Islam. While Suffah and mosques later became vital educational hubs, Dar-e-Arqam holds the distinction of being the foundational site for organized Islamic learning.

In the early days of Islam, the core curriculum mainly revolved around understanding and practicing the teachings of the Quran. The Quran is the holy book of Islam, containing the divine revelations given to the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH). Besides studying the Quran, early Muslims also learned the sayings and deeds of the Prophet (Hadith), spoke the Arabic language, and upheld moral values (Morality).

Elementary education in the Subcontinent's Muslim schools focused on foundational skills. The curriculum was designed to be well-rounded, covering basic literacy (reading and writing), essential arithmetic, and the fundamental principles of faith and ethics, providing a solid base for further academic or religious study.

The Islamic education system in the subcontinent was comprehensive. Secondary curricula were designed to provide a holistic education, integrating religious sciences like Jurisprudence (Fiqh) with secular and foundational subjects such as History, Ethics, and Mathematics to prepare students for both spiritual and worldly responsibilities.