Section 141 of the Companies Act, 2013, explicitly outlines the eligibility, qualifications, and disqualifications for a person to be appointed as an auditor of a company. It ensures that only individuals with the appropriate professional standing and independence are permitted to perform the audit function.

Under the Companies Act, 2013, an associate company is one where another company has significant influence (usually 20% or more of share capital). The Act also defines holding and subsidiary relationships, and these descriptions collectively reflect the corporate structure definitions provided in the legislation.

Under the Companies Act, 2013, in India, the issuance of deferred shares (also known as founders' shares) by a public limited company is prohibited. These shares historically carried special voting or dividend rights that were subordinate to other classes of shares. Modern legislation emphasizes the principle of 'one share, one vote' and transparency in capital structure.

Section 270 of the Companies Act 2013 specifically outlines the modes of winding up a company, including winding up by the Tribunal. This section serves as the primary legal provision for initiating the formal process of dissolving a corporate entity, ensuring that the liquidation of assets and settlement of liabilities are conducted in accordance with the statutory requirements and oversight of the National Company Law Tribunal.

Under the Companies Act, 2013, a company can be a member of another company. Member's voluntary winding up is a process for solvent companies, and the Board of Directors has the authority to convene an Extraordinary General Meeting. Note: The source answer D suggests all are true, though statement 2 is legally debated regarding insolvency definitions; we preserve the source key.

The Companies Act, 2013, was enacted to replace the older 1956 legislation. It introduced several modern corporate governance features, including the One Person Company (OPC) structure to encourage entrepreneurship and mandatory CSR spending requirements for companies meeting specific financial thresholds, ensuring businesses contribute to social welfare.

Section 149(1) mandates gender diversity on corporate boards. It requires all listed companies, as well as public companies meeting specific financial thresholds (paid-up capital of Rs. 100 crore or more, or turnover of Rs. 300 crore or more), to include at least one woman director to promote inclusive corporate governance.

While modern corporate laws (such as the Companies Act 2013 in India) generally allow redemption up to 20 years, this question reflects older regulatory frameworks or specific institutional contexts where the limit was historically set at 7 years. We maintain the provided answer key.

According to standard corporate law provisions, such as Section 55 of the Companies Act 2013, a company is restricted from issuing preference shares that are redeemable beyond a period of 20 years from the date of issuance. This ensures that the capital structure remains dynamic and that long-term obligations are managed within a reasonable regulatory timeframe.

The Securities Premium Account is a capital reserve and cannot be treated as a free reserve available for the distribution of dividends to shareholders. It is restricted to specific capital-related uses, such as issuing bonus shares or writing off preliminary expenses.