In mid-January 2024, Iran launched missile and drone strikes in the Panjgur district of Balochistan, claiming to target hideouts of the militant group 'Jaish al-Adl.' Pakistan condemned this as an unprovoked violation of its sovereignty, leading to a temporary recall of ambassadors and a sharp rise in bilateral tension.

Both nations coordinate on health issues like Polio eradication, as the virus often moves across the border via traveling families. Torkham serves as a key synchronization point for cross-border vaccination campaigns supported by the WHO.

Restoring air connectivity is essential for diplomatic and business ties. While flights were suspended or limited after August 2021, regular services by Kam Air and PIA (at various intervals) have been critical for the movement of officials and humanitarian workers.

Azm-e-Istehkam is a comprehensive national counter-terrorism drive. A key component of this strategy is to secure the border and neutralize militant groups that take advantage of the security vacuum in the border regions of Afghanistan.

Smuggling under the guise of transit trade (where goods intended for Afghanistan are diverted back into the Pakistani market) is a significant economic challenge. In 2024, the FBR and SIFC took strict measures to regulate this to protect the local industry.

Border skirmishes at Torkham and Chaman have become more frequent in recent years. These clashes often erupt over the construction of security posts or fencing by Pakistan, which the Afghan Taliban forces occasionally contest based on their non-recognition of the border.

The Chaman border crossing connects the Balochistan province of Pakistan with the Kandahar province of Afghanistan. It is the second most important crossing point and has been the site of significant 'dharnas' (sit-ins) in 2024 against the new passport and visa regulations.

Following a deadly attack on a security checkpost in Mir Ali that killed seven Pakistani soldiers, Pakistan conducted targeted airstrikes against TTP hideouts in Khost and Paktika provinces of Afghanistan on March 18, 2024. This marked a significant escalation and a clear message to the Kabul authorities regarding cross-border militancy.

The Trans-Afghan Railway project aims to link Termez (Uzbekistan) with Peshawar (Pakistan) via Mazar-e-Sharif and Kabul. This project is a pillar of Pakistan’s 'Geo-economics' strategy, intended to provide Central Asian states with access to the Arabian Sea via Pakistani ports like Gwadar and Karachi.

TAPI is a multi-billion dollar project critical for regional energy security. Despite the change in government in Kabul, the Taliban have expressed support for the project. In 2024-2025, Pakistan and Turkmenistan have held multiple meetings to fast-track the implementation of the Afghan section of the pipeline.