Marxist theory utilizes economic determinism as a central lens to analyze global politics. This perspective posits that the economic base—specifically the mode of production and the resulting class relations—fundamentally shapes the political, social, and cultural superstructure of global society. By focusing on how economic interests drive state actions, Marxists seek to uncover the underlying material causes of international conflict and cooperation.

Marxism is famously critical of religion, often describing it as the 'opium of the people.' Therefore, criticizing Marxism for placing too much importance on the religious factor is factually incorrect, as the theory explicitly minimizes religion's role in historical development in favor of material and economic conditions.

Surplus value is a cornerstone of Marxist economic theory. It represents the difference between the value produced by a worker and the wages paid to them. Marx argued that this surplus is the source of profit for the capitalist class, as it is the value created by labor beyond what is necessary for the worker's own subsistence and reproduction.

Dialectical Materialism is the philosophical framework of Marxism. It posits that historical development is not driven by ideas or spiritual forces, but by the material conditions of life and the inherent contradictions within the economic base, which manifest as conflicts between opposing social classes.

Karl Marx's theory of alienation posits that under capitalism, workers lose control over their labor and the products they create. 'Alienation from himself' refers to the psychological state where the worker becomes a mere appendage to the machine, losing their sense of individuality and human purpose. This detachment is a direct consequence of the commodification of labor, which strips the worker of their creative agency.

The Socialist Movement is fundamentally rooted in the ideology of socialism. This movement advocates for social ownership of the means of production and a more egalitarian distribution of wealth, aiming to address the inequalities inherent in capitalist systems through collective action and state-led economic reforms.

The Brezhnev Doctrine, often referred to as the doctrine of 'limited sovereignty,' was a Soviet foreign policy principle introduced in 1968. It asserted that the Soviet Union had the right to intervene in any Eastern Bloc nation where socialist rule was deemed under threat.

Friedrich Engels' 'The Origin of the Family, Private Property and the State' is the seminal text that links the emergence of private property to the development of the patriarchal family and the state as an instrument of class rule. While Marx discusses capital in 'Das Capital,' Engels provides the specific historical materialist account of property's origins.

Friedrich Engels relied heavily on the ethnographic research of Lewis Henry Morgan, specifically his book 'Ancient Society'. Engels utilized Morgan's evolutionary framework of human development—moving from savagery through barbarism to civilization—to argue that the emergence of private property and the patriarchal family structure were historically contingent developments rather than natural or eternal states of human existence.

Friedrich Engels wrote 'The Origin of the Family, Private Property and the State' in 1884. The book applies historical materialism to analyze the evolution of social structures, arguing that the state emerged as a tool for the ruling class to maintain control over the means of production and to manage the conflicts arising from the emergence of private property.