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The MCQs below are drawn from the Psychology subject category.
Showing 4421–4430
of 5399 MCQs
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4421
Which attachment style is identified by an infant's apparent indifference toward their caregiver, showing little distress upon separation and minimal engagement upon reunion?
Insecure-avoidant attachment is characterized by an infant's tendency to ignore or avoid the caregiver. During the Strange Situation procedure, these infants show little emotional distress when the caregiver leaves and do not seek proximity or comfort when the caregiver returns, often reflecting a history of unresponsive caregiving.
4422
Little Kiran only interacts with unfamiliar people after receiving reassurance from her mother. This behavior demonstrates the adaptive function of which developmental concept?
Attachment refers to the deep and enduring emotional bond that connects one person to another across time and space. In infants, a secure attachment provides a 'secure base' from which the child can explore the world. Kiran's reliance on her mother's reassurance before interacting with strangers illustrates how a secure attachment serves as a protective and adaptive mechanism for navigating social environments.
4423
In Harry Harlow's classic research on attachment, what were the surrogate mothers provided to the infant rhesus monkeys?
Harry Harlow conducted experiments to understand the nature of attachment. He provided infant monkeys with two surrogate mothers: one made of wire that provided food, and one made of soft cloth that provided comfort. The results showed that the monkeys preferred the cloth mother, demonstrating that 'contact comfort' is a critical component of attachment, often outweighing the need for nourishment alone in early development.
4424
What factors primarily influence the quality of the attachment bond between an infant and their caregiver?
Attachment theory suggests that the quality of the bond is not determined by a single factor but by the dynamic interplay between the child's innate temperament and the caregiver's ability to respond sensitively to the child's needs. This bidirectional relationship forms the basis of secure or insecure attachment styles, which significantly impact the child's future social and emotional development and their ability to form healthy relationships.
4425
Which of the following is NOT recognized as one of Mary Ainsworth’s established categories of infant attachment?
Mary Ainsworth's 'Strange Situation' procedure identified three primary attachment styles: Secure, Avoidant, and Ambivalent/Resistant (later, a fourth category, Disorganized, was added by other researchers). 'Negative attached' is not a recognized classification in Ainsworth's original attachment theory framework. This question tests knowledge of standard developmental psychology classifications regarding infant-caregiver bonds.
4426
In the context of attachment theory, which style of attachment is identified as the most prevalent among infants in diverse populations?
Attachment theory, pioneered by John Bowlby and expanded by Mary Ainsworth, identifies secure attachment as the most common pattern. Infants with secure attachment use their caregivers as a 'secure base' from which to explore the environment. They typically show distress when the caregiver leaves but are easily comforted upon the caregiver's return, indicating a healthy emotional bond.
4427
What were the primary behavioral outcomes observed in monkeys raised in total social isolation by Harry Harlow?
Harlow's experiments demonstrated that rhesus monkeys raised in isolation suffered severe social and emotional deficits. Upon reaching maturity, these monkeys were unable to engage in normal social interactions, including mating behaviors. This research highlighted the critical importance of early social contact and maternal attachment for the development of normal social and reproductive behaviors in primates, suggesting that social deprivation has long-lasting, often irreversible, psychological consequences.
4428
Mary Ainsworth, a prominent developmental psychologist, was a student of which influential attachment theorist?
Mary Ainsworth worked closely with John Bowlby, the British psychologist who developed attachment theory. Ainsworth expanded upon Bowlby's foundational ideas by creating the 'Strange Situation' procedure, which allowed researchers to empirically observe and categorize different styles of attachment between infants and their primary caregivers.
4429
What term describes the strong, innate emotional bond that drives human infants to maintain proximity to their primary caregivers?
Attachment is the deep, enduring emotional bond that connects an infant to their primary caregiver. This bond provides a 'secure base' from which the child can explore the world. It is a fundamental concept in developmental psychology, distinct from cognitive milestones like conservation or egocentrism, and is essential for emotional regulation.
4430
In Harry Harlow's research on infant monkey attachment, what were the characteristics of the surrogate mothers used?
Harlow's experiments utilized inanimate surrogate mothers to test the importance of contact comfort versus nourishment. One surrogate was made of wire, and the other was covered in soft cloth. The infant monkeys consistently preferred the cloth mother, even when the wire mother provided food. This landmark study fundamentally changed our understanding of attachment, proving that physical comfort and emotional security are critical components of healthy development, rather than just the provision of biological sustenance.
