Pakistan and India became members of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization on 2017, June 9th, so that date identifies their accession.

April 01, 1979 is correct because that is the date when Iran was officially declared an Islamic Republic following the referendum.

Duplicate of Q29. SCO focuses on security (SCO charter).

Duplicate of Q29; retained for completeness.

The analogy illustrates that the physical world is a shadow of a greater reality (Plato, “Republic”).

Plato’s analogy uses “shadow” to describe the temporal world as a reflection of eternal reality (Plato, “Republic”).

The SCO focuses on regional security, stability, and cooperation, per SCO charter and official statements.

Under Article 41 of the Constitution, the President of Pakistan is the Head of State representing the unity of the Republic, while the Prime Minister is the Head of Government.

The National Identity Card system was established under the National Registration Act in 1973 during the administration of Prime Minister Zulfikar Ali Bhutto.

Pakistan was granted observer status in the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) 1. This allowed Pakistan to participate in SCO activities and discussions. Pakistan later became a full member of the SCO in 2017.