The United Nations has six official working languages: Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian, and Spanish [2, p24]. These languages are used in UN meetings and for all official UN documents.

In 2009, Hu Jintao was the paramount leader of China. He held the key positions of General Secretary of the Communist Party of China (from 2002 to 2012) and President of the People's Republic of China (from 2003 to 2013). He also served as Chairman of the Central Military Commission (from 2004 to 2012) [2, p22].

The United Nations has six official working languages: Arabic, Chinese (Mandarin), English, French, Russian, and Spanish2. All official UN documents and meetings utilize these languages.

A UN resolution in 1981 established the International Day of Peace to coincide with the General Assembly’s opening. The first observance took place on the third Tuesday of September 21, 1982; from 2002 onward, September 21 became the permanent date. Since then, the day has been marked annually to promote ceasefires, non-violence, and global solidarity in pursuit of lasting peace.

“Intifada” is Arabic for “shaking off,” commonly used to describe Palestinian uprisings.

On 3 January 2002, Musharraf secured a vote of confidence from the National and Provincial assemblies.

PARCO constructed the Mahmoodkot-Faisalabad-Machhike (MFM) pipeline in 2002 to transport petroleum products from Karachi to northern Pakistan.

"Niyyah" means intention in Arabic and the hadith "Actions are judged by intentions" refers directly to the importance of niyyah.

Sindhi in Pakistan is normally written in a modified Perso-Arabic script with additional letters for Sindhi sounds.

Shahmukhi, a Perso‑Arabic based script written right‑to‑left, is the primary script for Punjabi in Pakistan.