SilkAir was the regional airline subsidiary of Singapore Airlines, based in Singapore [2, p19]. It primarily served short to medium-haul destinations in the Asia-Pacific region. (Note: SilkAir was fully integrated into Singapore Airlines in 2021, but was a distinct entity in 2010).

NASA, in partnership with ESA and CSA, launched JWST on 25 December 2021 from French Guiana and began science operations in 2022.

Magdalena Andersson, leader of the Social Democrats, was appointed Sweden’s first female prime minister on 30 November 2021 and continued in 2022.

Olaf Scholz, leader of the Social Democratic Party, was sworn in on 8 December 2021 as Germany’s ninth chancellor.

Indonesia took over the G20 Presidency on 1 December 2021, steering the group’s agenda through the end of 2022.

António Guterres began his second term as UN Secretary-General on 1 January 2022, continuing through 2026.[7](https://unis.unvienna.org/unis/topics/related/2021/Antonio-guterres-secures-second-term.html)

The AUKUS security pact was announced on 15 September 2021, not on any of the listed dates. [18](https://pmtranscripts.pmc.gov.au/sites/default/files/AUKUS-factsheet.pdf)

Dr. Kazi Saeeduddin Ahmad was a pioneer of geographic studies in British India and Pakistan who provided demographic mapping data to the Muslim League during the Pakistan Movement. He founded and took charge as the first Head of the Department of Geography at the University of the Punjab, Lahore, on April 20, 1945.

Faruqi is a leading Urdu critic and scholar noted for his analytical studies of classical forms and for reviving interest in traditional narratives and aesthetics.

Praetorianism denotes frequent military intervention and dominance in politics stemming from weak civilian control and institutions.