CSS Paper Islamic Studies 2017 MCQs

The Prophet (PBUH) taught that servants are 'your brothers whom Allah has placed under your authority.' He commanded that they be fed the same food, clothed with the same quality of garments, and not be burdened with tasks beyond their strength, emphasizing human brotherhood over hierarchy.

Under the Caliphate of Umar (RA), the state began providing stipends to every child and ensured that the elderly (even non-Muslims) received support from the Bayt-ul-Maal. This established the 'Right to Subsistence' as a duty of the government toward its citizens.

Consent is a pillar of an Islamic marriage contract (Nikah). The Prophet (PBUH) annulled marriages where women were forced into them against their will. While parents' advice is valued, the final right to accept or reject a partner belongs to the individuals involved.

Islam promotes a balanced life. The Prophet (PBUH) told a companion who prayed all night and fasted all day that his body, his eyes, and his family have a right over him. This establishes that an individual has a right to rest, health, and recreation to maintain their well-being.

Islamic jurists established the maxim that 'the original state of a human being is freedom.' Islam introduced numerous legal pathways to abolish slavery (kaffarah, mukataba) and strictly prohibited the kidnapping or arbitrary detention of free individuals, affirming that liberty is the divine norm.

The Prophet (PBUH) set a precedent for humane treatment of prisoners of war. Captives were given the same food as their captors and those who could not pay ransom were allowed to earn their freedom by teaching ten Muslim children to read and write, highlighting the right to humane treatment and education.

Long before modern international conventions, Caliph Abu Bakr issued strict codes of conduct for war: do not kill women, children, or the elderly; do not cut down trees or destroy crops; and do not harm priests or monks in their places of worship. This reflects the 'Right to Safety' for innocents during conflict.

Islam places such emphasis on neighbors that the Prophet (PBUH) said Gabriel reminded him about them so much he thought they might be given a share of inheritance. This right extends to helping them in need, not causing them nuisance, and sharing food, regardless of their faith.

While Islam encourages social stability, it clearly states 'there is no obedience to a creature in disobedience to the Creator.' If a leader commands something that violates divine law or human rights, the citizens have the right and moral obligation to voice their dissent and seek reform.

Islam places 'honor' (Ird) alongside life and property as a fundamental sacred right. Slander, defamation, and even mockery are strictly forbidden in the Quran. False accusations of specific crimes (like Qazf) carry heavy legal penalties to protect individuals from character assassination.