CSS Paper Islamic Studies 2017 MCQs

Islamic military ethics strictly prohibit the destruction of temples, churches, and synagogues. This protection was famously highlighted in the treaty of Umar (RA) with the people of Jerusalem and the instructions given by Abu Bakr (RA), affirming the right of minorities to maintain their sacred spaces even in times of conflict.

The 'Wayfarer' or traveler is one of the eight categories of people entitled to receive Zakat. Islam established a culture of hospitality where travelers had the right to be hosted for three days and received assistance from the community to reach their destination, ensuring freedom of movement and safety.

Islam emphasizes the inclusion and dignity of the disabled. The Quran famously rebuked the Prophet (PBUH) for turning away from a blind man to speak to the tribal elite, teaching that every person, regardless of physical ability, is valuable. Historical Islamic states provided stipends for the blind and chronically ill, ensuring their right to a dignified life.

The Bimaristans of the Islamic Golden Age were pioneers in universal healthcare. Based on the prophetic teaching that 'Allah has sent down a cure for every disease,' these institutions provided free treatment, food, and medicine, establishing health as a fundamental social right supported by the state and private endowments (Waqf).

Islam prohibits 'Muthla' (mutilation), even of enemies during war. Every individual has a right to the safety and wholeness of their body; any act that causes physical injury is subject to legal retribution (Qisas) or financial compensation (Diyat), ensuring that physical integrity is a protected human right.

Islamic law recognizes the fetus as a potential human being with rights. If a pregnant woman is involved in an incident where the fetus is lost due to an assault, compensation (Ghurrah) must be paid, and if the child is born alive after the father's death, they are entitled to a full share of inheritance.

Islam fundamentally transformed human rights by strictly banning the burial of infant girls, a practice common in pre-Islamic Arabia. The Quran asks the heart-wrenching question of why an innocent soul was killed, establishing the 'Right to Existence' for all children regardless of gender.

The Quran encourages compassion towards those in financial distress, stating that if a debtor is in difficulty, time should be given until they are in ease. Furthermore, forgiving the debt entirely is described as a great act of charity, establishing the 'Right to Relief' for individuals facing economic hardship.

Islam places such a high value on human reputation that it instituted the law of Qazf, which punishes those who falsely accuse others of sexual immorality without providing four witnesses. This serves as a powerful deterrent against character assassination and protects the social dignity and honor of every individual, ensuring that honor is treated as a sacred right.

Islamic gender ethics arise from revelation, not external ideologies.