Rival fits because it denotes a competing business that would look for opportunities to undermine or destroy him.

IBM stands for International Business Machine, so International Business Machine is the correct answer.

2014 is correct because the Crimean Peninsula was annexed by the Russian Federation in 2014, when Russia took control following a disputed referendum and military intervention.

Pakistan National Action Plan was established on December 25, 2014, which is the official date given for the plan's launch to address terrorism.

The National Identity Card system was established under the National Registration Act in 1973 during the administration of Prime Minister Zulfikar Ali Bhutto.

At around age 12, Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) accompanied his uncle Abu Talib on a merchant caravan to Syria (al-Sham), where they met the monk Bahira at Busra.

As of 2007, Professor Abdus Salam was the only Pakistani citizen to have received a Nobel Prize [1, p7]. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1979 for his work on the electroweak unification theory. Malala Yousafzai later became the second Pakistani Nobel laureate in 2014.

The question, as stated in the provided source material for a 2007 paper, anachronistically refers to the year 2014 [1, p5]. The 18th SAARC Summit was indeed held in Kathmandu, Nepal, from November 26 to November 27, 2014 [1, p5]. For an exam taken in 2007, the "last" SAARC conference would have been the 14th Summit in New Delhi (April 2007) or the 13th Summit in Dhaka (November 2005). The source's marked answer of (a) Islamabad is incorrect for the 2014 summit.

The G-8 (Group of Eight), which has reverted to the G-7 (Group of Seven) after Russia's suspension in 2014, operates as an informal forum for the leaders of major industrialized democracies. It does not possess a formal charter, a permanent secretariat, or a fixed bureaucratic structure. The presidency of the G-7 rotates annually among its member states, and the host country is responsible for organizing the annual summit and related preparatory meetings. In contrast, Greenpeace has an international coordinating body (Greenpeace International, a foundation based in Amsterdam) with a board, management team, and staff, overseeing a global network of national/regional organizations. The D-8 (Developing Eight Organization for Economic Cooperation) has a formal structure including a Summit, Council of Ministers, a Commission, and a permanent Secretariat based in Istanbul, Turkey, headed by a Secretary-General. Therefore, among the options provided, the G-8 (now G-7) is the organization that functions without a formal structure or a permanent secretariat. [3](https://www.greenpeace.org/international/about/structure/)[6](https://www.greenpeace.org/international/about/governance/).

In 2008, the 15th SAARC Summit was held in Colombo, Sri Lanka. Consequently, the Chairperson of SAARC for that period would have been the then President of Sri Lanka, Mahinda Rajapaksa [2, p3]. Sushil Koirala became Prime Minister of Nepal and chaired SAARC much later, in 2014. As Mahinda Rajapaksa is not listed, and the premise of Sushil Koirala chairing SAARC in 2008 is incorrect, "None of these" is the accurate answer for a 2008 paper. The PDF's answer (b) based on Koirala is anachronistic.