Sir Alec Jeffreys developed DNA profiling in 1984, which revolutionized forensic science and paternity testing.

NEAR Shoemaker became the first spacecraft to orbit and eventually land on an asteroid (433 Eros) in 2001.

Space Shuttle Enterprise was a test vehicle used for approach and landing tests in 1977; it lacked engines and a heat shield for orbit.

The Parker Solar Probe, launched to study the Sun, uses gravity assists to achieve record-breaking speeds, eventually exceeding 430,000 mph.

The Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) successfully impacted the asteroid moonlet Dimorphos in 2022 to change its orbit.

The Apollo-Soyuz Test Project in 1975 marked the first time US and Soviet spacecraft docked in space, symbolizing a thaw in the Cold War.

Dennis Tito, an American entrepreneur, funded his own trip to the ISS aboard a Russian Soyuz spacecraft, becoming the first space tourist.

Mir was a space station that operated in low Earth orbit from 1986 to 2001, first by the Soviet Union and later by Russia.

Their discovery led to blood tests and new medicines that have saved millions of lives from liver cirrhosis and cancer.

They produced a new state of matter where atoms cool down to near absolute zero and act as a single quantum entity.