The 9.0-magnitude Tohoku earthquake in March 2011 triggered a massive tsunami, causing over 15,000 deaths and the Fukushima nuclear disaster in Japan.

Both were massive megathrust earthquakes occurring at subduction zones, generating massive tsunamis.

The 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and subsequent tsunami disabled the power supply and cooling of three reactors at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant.

P-waves (Primary waves) are compressional waves that travel fastest through the Earth and arrive first at seismic stations.

Bamboo is a giant woody grass in the Poaceae family and is one of the fastest-growing plants in the world.

Due to the Great Circle effect, the shortest path between northern cities curves upward over the polar regions, not a straight line across the Atlantic.

On a spherical Earth, the shortest distance between two points is an arc of a Great Circle, even though it looks curved on a Mercator projection.

The Amur Line, following the Amur River, forms much of the border between Russia and China in the Far East. Established through treaties like the 1858 Treaty of Aigun, it has been a historically contested boundary, with the river serving as a natural divider.

The Sudan-South Sudan border, established after South Sudan’s independence in 2011, is not referred to by a specific named line like the Green Line. It follows colonial-era boundaries, with disputes in areas like Abyei.

The Antarctic Treaty establishes Antarctica as a region for peaceful scientific purposes, explicitly banning military activity, weapon testing, and mineral mining.