The name 'Taj Mahal' originates from Persian, translating literally to 'Crown of Palaces / Crown's Place'.

'Kitab al-Asrar' (The Book of Secrets) is a celebrated medical and chemical treatise authored by the Persian polymath Abu Bakr Muhammad ibn Zakariya al-Razi.

The Strait of Hormuz connects the Persian Gulf with the Gulf of Oman and the Arabian Sea.

The Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) was proposed by China in 2013 and officially established in 2015 by China alongside founding partner states.

Shah Wali Ullah translated the Holy Quran into Persian, producing a Persian-language rendition of the text.

Duplicate of Q108; retained for completeness.

The Strait of Hormuz, near Pakistani waters, is a key trade route (maritime studies).

In 2007, Hugo Chávez was serving as the President of Venezuela [1, p7]. He held this office from 1999 until his death in 2013.

While ethnic demographics in Afghanistan can be subject to varying estimates, Tajiks are generally considered the second-largest ethnic group after Pashtuns [2, p26]. They predominantly speak Dari (a dialect of Persian) and are concentrated in the northern and western regions of the country, as well as in urban centers like Kabul.

In 2009, Hu Jintao was the paramount leader of China. He held the key positions of General Secretary of the Communist Party of China (from 2002 to 2012) and President of the People's Republic of China (from 2003 to 2013). He also served as Chairman of the Central Military Commission (from 2004 to 2012) [2, p22].