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No verified paper has been uploaded for PMS Paper Screening Test 2006 MCQs yet. The MCQs below are drawn from the Screening Test subject category.
The gallbladder is a small organ that stores bile produced by the liver. When fatty food enters the duodenum, the gallbladder contracts to release bile into the small intestine to aid digestion.
The seminiferous tubules are located within the testes. They are the specific site of spermatogenesis, where germ cells develop into spermatozoa through the process of meiosis.
The parasympathetic nervous system conserves energy as it slows the heart rate, increases intestinal and gland activity, and relaxes sphincter muscles in the gastrointestinal tract.
The large intestine, or colon, is mainly responsible for absorbing water and electrolytes from the remaining indigestible food matter and transmitting useless waste material from the body.
The small intestine is the primary site for the chemical digestion of food and the absorption of nutrients. Its large surface area, increased by structures like villi and microvilli, allows for efficient transfer of glucose, amino acids, and fatty acids into the bloodstream.
Sand has the largest particles, leaving gaps for water to escape quickly. This makes sandy soils dry. They are poor in nutrients compared to loam.
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The inner core is Earth’s hottest and most central region, reaching temperatures near the Sun’s surface. Despite extreme heat, it remains solid due to immense pressure. It is mostly composed of iron and nickel.
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Long-term ingestion causes hyperpigmentation, keratosis, and internal cancers. Treatment includes adsorption and coagulation. Source switching is often the fastest remedy.
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A fan-driven system vents soil gases before they enter the building. Sealing cracks helps but is insufficient alone. Testing is essential in high-radon areas.
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Algal blooms are a **symptom and driver** of eutrophication—nutrient enrichment of waters. Blooms deplete oxygen upon decay, causing fish kills and biodiversity loss. They can also produce toxins harmful to humans and wildlife.
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Here is your full list of **MCQs** formatted as per your preferred structure — with **correct answers** and **explanations**.
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### **1. Causative organisms of Malaria**
**Options:**
a) Bacteria
b) Virus
c) Parasitic organism _Plasmodium_
d) Fungi
**Correct Answer:**
**c) Parasitic organism _Plasmodium_**
**Explanation:**
Malaria is caused by a protozoan parasite of the genus _Plasmodium_, transmitted by female _Anopheles_ mosquitoes.
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### **2. What is a Carcinogen?**
**Options:**
a) Drugs for curing infectious diseases
b) Antibiotics
c) Cancer-causing agent
d) Immunity booster
**Correct Answer:**
**c) Cancer-causing agent**
**Explanation:**
A carcinogen is any substance, organism, or agent that promotes the formation of cancer.
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### **3. Largest preventable cause of cancer**
**Options:**
a) Tobacco smoking and chewing
b) Egg consumption
c) Air pollution
d) Alcohol
**Correct Answer:**
**a) Tobacco smoking and chewing**
**Explanation:**
Tobacco use (smoking and chewing) is the single largest preventable cause of cancer worldwide.
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### **4. What is Bagasse? What is it used for?**
**Options:**
a) Sugarcane waste – to make paper
b) Vegetable waste – for compost
c) Liquid waste – as fertilizer
d) Animal dung – for biogas
**Correct Answer:**
**a) Sugarcane waste – to make paper**
**Explanation:**
Bagasse is the fibrous residue left after extracting juice from sugarcane. It's widely used to make paper and biofuel.
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### **5. What is Deep Ecology?**
**Options:**
a) Protecting nature for its own sake
b) Protecting forests for humans
c) Ecology of forest
d) Technology in ecology
**Correct Answer:**
**a) Protecting nature for its own sake**
**Explanation:**
Deep ecology is an environmental philosophy that recognizes the inherent worth of all living beings regardless of their utility to humans.
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### **6. The inherent ability of organisms to reproduce and multiply is called:**
**Options:**
a) Repetition
b) Biotic potential
c) Carrying capacity
d) None
**Correct Answer:**
**b) Biotic potential**
**Explanation:**
Biotic potential is the maximum reproductive capacity of an organism under optimal environmental conditions.
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### **7. Birth rate is called:**
**Options:**
a) Mortality
b) Vital index
c) Natality
d) None
**Correct Answer:**
**c) Natality**
**Explanation:**
Natality is the birth rate—number of births per unit of population over time.
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### **8. Photochemical smog is also called:**
**Options:**
a) Tokyo smog
b) London smog
c) Los Angeles smog
d) None
**Correct Answer:**
**c) Los Angeles smog**
**Explanation:**
Photochemical smog, typical of urban areas with high sunlight and vehicle emissions, is nicknamed “Los Angeles smog.”
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### **9. The combustion of waste in the absence of oxygen is called:**
**Options:**
a) Haemolysis
b) Pyrolysis
c) Hydrolysis
d) None
**Correct Answer:**
**b) Pyrolysis**
**Explanation:**
Pyrolysis is the thermal decomposition of materials at high temperatures in the absence of oxygen.
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### **10. What is NIHL?**
**Options:**
a) Noise-induced hearing loss
b) Water pollution
c) Air pollution
d) None
**Correct Answer:**
**a) Noise-induced hearing loss**
**Explanation:**
NIHL refers to hearing damage caused by prolonged exposure to high levels of noise.
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### **11. What is deforestation?**
**Options:**
a) Product of forest
b) Destruction of forest
c) Forest protection
d) None
**Correct Answer:**
**b) Destruction of forest**
**Explanation:**
Deforestation is the removal or clearing of forested land, usually for agriculture or urban development.
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### **12. Killing of animals disturbs:**
**Options:**
a) Good for ecosystem
b) Good for man
c) The balance of nature
d) None
**Correct Answer:**
**c) The balance of nature**
**Explanation:**
Killing of animals disrupts food chains and ecological balance, leading to biodiversity loss.
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### **13. Deforestation generally decreases:**
**Options:**
a) Global warming
b) Drought
c) Soil erosion
d) Rainfall
**Correct Answer:**
**d) Rainfall**
**Explanation:**
Deforestation reduces transpiration and cloud formation, leading to decreased rainfall over time.
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### **14. What is meant by Oceanography?**
**Options:**
a) Study of marine habitat
b) Study of freshwater
c) Study of soil
d) None
**Correct Answer:**
**a) Study of marine habitat**
**Explanation:**
Oceanography is the scientific study of oceans, including marine organisms, currents, and ecosystems.
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### **15. North American grasslands are called:**
**Options:**
a) Pampas
b) Prairies
c) Savannah
d) None
**Correct Answer:**
**b) Prairies**
**Explanation:**
Prairies are temperate grasslands found in North America.
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### **16. African grasslands are called:**
**Options:**
a) Prairies
b) Pampas
c) Savannah
d) None
**Correct Answer:**
**c) Savannah**
**Explanation:**
Savannahs are tropical grasslands with scattered trees found mainly in Africa.
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### **17. Green plants are absent in deep sea. Why?**
**Options:**
a) Light is absent
b) High pressure
c) Low temperature
d) Great depth
**Correct Answer:**
**a) Light is absent**
**Explanation:**
Photosynthesis cannot occur in the deep sea due to the absence of sunlight, which green plants require.
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### **18. What is desertification?**
**Options:**
a) Conversion of forest into desert
b) Conversion of cropland into desert
c) Conversion of grassland into desert
d) All of the above
**Correct Answer:**
**d) All of the above**
**Explanation:**
Desertification is the degradation of land in arid areas due to deforestation, overgrazing, and poor land management.
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### **19. Infection of HIV is usually detected by which test?**
**Options:**
a) ELISA test
b) Hybridization
c) Gram staining
d) None
**Correct Answer:**
**a) ELISA test**
**Explanation:**
The ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay) is a standard test used to detect HIV antibodies in blood.
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Here is your latest set of MCQs formatted with **options, correct answers**, and **explanations**—as per your preferred style. This can be considered **Set-9**.
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### **1. The first global environmental protection treaty, “The Montreal Protocol,” was signed on September 26,**
**Options:**
a) 1985
b) 1990
c) 1981
d) 1987
**Correct Answer:**
**d) 1987**
**Explanation:**
The Montreal Protocol was signed on September 26, 1987, to phase out substances that deplete the ozone layer, including CFCs.
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### **2. The basic unit of the biosphere is:**
**Options:**
a) Biome
b) Biotope
c) Medium
d) None
**Correct Answer:**
**a) Biome**
**Explanation:**
A biome is a large ecological area on the Earth’s surface with flora and fauna adapting to their environment; it is considered the basic unit of the biosphere.
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### **3. The excessive greenhouse effect is referred to as:**
**Options:**
a) Acid rain
b) Global warming
c) Air pollution
d) None
**Correct Answer:**
**b) Global warming**
**Explanation:**
An enhanced greenhouse effect leads to global warming—an increase in Earth's average surface temperature.
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### **4. The "Use and Disuse" theory was proposed by:**
**Options:**
a) Lamarck
b) Stebbins
c) Darwin
d) Dobzhansky
**Correct Answer:**
**a) Lamarck**
**Explanation:**
Jean-Baptiste Lamarck proposed that traits used more frequently become stronger, and those not used diminish over generations.
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### **5. The heating of Earth’s atmosphere due to trapped radiation is known as:**
**Options:**
a) Global warming
b) Glass-house effect
c) Thermal effect
d) Greenhouse effect
**Correct Answer:**
**d) Greenhouse effect**
**Explanation:**
Greenhouse gases trap infrared radiation from Earth, warming the atmosphere—a phenomenon known as the greenhouse effect.
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### **6. The ozone hole was first observed on:**
**Options:**
a) Antarctica
b) Africa
c) America
d) Australia
**Correct Answer:**
**a) Antarctica**
**Explanation:**
The ozone hole was first detected over Antarctica in the early 1980s, largely due to the accumulation of CFCs.
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### **7. Heating of the atmosphere by radiation accelerates the process of:**
**Options:**
a) Condensation
b) Rain formation
c) Precipitation
d) Evaporation
**Correct Answer:**
**d) Evaporation**
**Explanation:**
Increased atmospheric heating raises surface temperatures, accelerating the evaporation of water bodies.
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### **8. Which among the following results in the formation of soil?**
**Options:**
a) Radiation
b) Weathering
c) Erosion
d) Pollution
**Correct Answer:**
**b) Weathering**
**Explanation:**
Weathering of rocks by physical, chemical, and biological processes is the primary cause of soil formation.
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### **9. Animals and plants are best protected in:**
**Options:**
a) Zoos
b) Botanical Gardens
c) National Parks
d) Sanctuaries
**Correct Answer:**
**c) National Parks**
**Explanation:**
National Parks provide in situ conservation—protecting animals and plants in their natural habitat.
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### **10. The first trophic level in a food chain is occupied by:**
**Options:**
a) Green plants
b) Herbivores
c) Carnivores
d) Bacteria
**Correct Answer:**
**a) Green plants**
**Explanation:**
Producers like green plants form the first trophic level by converting solar energy into chemical energy through photosynthesis.
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### **11. Organisms that generate energy using light are:**
**Options:**
a) Oligotrophs
b) Chemoorganotrophs
c) Chemolithotrophs
d) Photoautotrophs
**Correct Answer:**
**d) Photoautotrophs**
**Explanation:**
Photoautotrophs (like plants, algae, and cyanobacteria) use sunlight to synthesize food from CO₂ and water.
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### **12. Land use and land cover pattern is usually studied by the technique:**
**Options:**
a) Aerial photography
b) Satellite imaging
c) Satellite imaging and GIS
d) Satellite imaging, GIS, and GPS
**Correct Answer:**
**d) Satellite imaging, GIS, and GPS**
**Explanation:**
Modern land use studies integrate satellite data with GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and GPS (Global Positioning Systems) for precise monitoring and analysis.
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### **13. Which one of the following does not contribute to conservation of water?**
**Options:**
a) Waste water treatment
b) Wasteland development
c) Watershed protection
d) Rainwater harvesting
**Correct Answer:**
**b) Wasteland development**
**Explanation:**
Wasteland development focuses on reclaiming degraded land rather than conserving water directly.
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### **14. The use of microorganism metabolism to remove pollutants such as oil spills in water bodies is known as:**
**Options:**
a) Detoxification
b) Bioremediation
c) Biodegradation
d) Phytoremediation
**Correct Answer:**
**b) Bioremediation**
**Explanation:**
Bioremediation involves using microbes to degrade and remove environmental pollutants, including oil spills.
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