Bartholomew Ziegenbalg was a German Lutheran missionary who arrived in the Danish colony of Tranquebar in 1706, establishing the first Protestant mission in India.

Henry Martyn was a chaplain and missionary who arrived in India in 1806. He is renowned for his translations of the New Testament into Urdu (Hindustani) and Persian.

While Protestant missionaries famously used the press later, the *very first* printing press in India was brought by Portuguese Jesuit missionaries to Goa in 1556.

Dayanand Saraswati is often called the 'Martin Luther of India' because of his efforts to reform Hinduism and his rejection of rituals, priesthood, and idolatry, similar to Luther's Protestant Reformation.

Raja Ram Mohan Roy wrote 'The Precepts of Jesus' (1820), where he tried to separate the moral and philosophical message of the New Testament from its miracle stories.

Shah Alam II was the Mughal Emperor, though he was in exile at the time; the throne in Delhi was contested.

Upon Jahangir's death, Asaf Khan (acting for Shah Jahan) executed Shahryar, Dawar Baksh, and other male royals to ensure Shah Jahan's uncontested succession.

Note: While Jahangir built Shalimar in Kashmir, the Shalimar Gardens in Lahore were built by his son Shah Jahan. (Included to test distinction).

Krishnadevaraya, considered the greatest ruler of the Vijayanagara Empire, was a scholar and wrote 'Amuktamalyada', a masterpiece in Telugu literature.

Despite being one of the greatest patrons of art and literature, Emperor Akbar was illiterate (likely due to dyslexia), though he possessed immense intellect and memory.