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9911
The 'Arab Spring' began in late 2010 in which country?
A. Egypt
B. Syria
C. Tunisia
D. Libya
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The self-immolation of street vendor Mohamed Bouazizi in Tunisia sparked protests that spread across the Arab world.
9912
The 'Orange Revolution' (2004) took place in which country?
A. Georgia
B. Ukraine
C. Belarus
D. Kyrgyzstan
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The Orange Revolution was a series of protests against a rigged presidential election, resulting in a revote won by Viktor Yushchenko.
9913
Which country hosted the 1980 Summer Olympics, boycotted by the US?
A. China
B. Soviet Union
C. East Germany
D. Cuba
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The US boycotted the Moscow games to protest the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan.
9914
The 'Tiananmen Square Massacre' occurred in:
A. 1989
B. 1991
C. 1976
D. 1997
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Student-led protests for democracy were forcibly suppressed by the Chinese military in June 1989.
9915
The 'Soweto Uprising' in 1976 was triggered by:
A. A tax increase
B. The arrest of Mandela
C. The introduction of Afrikaans as the medium of instruction
D. Food shortages
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Students in Soweto protested against being forced to learn in Afrikaans, the language of the apartheid government.
9916
The 'Sharpeville Massacre' in 1960 was a turning point in the struggle against:
A. British rule in Kenya
B. French rule in Algeria
C. Apartheid in South Africa
D. Portuguese rule in Angola
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South African police fired on protesters demonstrating against pass laws, killing 69 people and leading to the banning of the ANC and PAC.
9917
The 'Quit India Movement' of 1942 demanded:
A. Higher wages for sepoys
B. Immediate end to British rule
C. Participation in WWII
D. Partition of Pakistan
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Launched by Gandhi during WWII, it was a mass protest demanding an orderly British withdrawal from India.
9918
The 'Partition of Bengal' in 1905 was a controversial administrative division by:
A. Lord Mountbatten
B. Lord Curzon
C. Lord Dalhousie
D. Queen Victoria
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Viceroy Curzon partitioned Bengal to make it easier to govern (and to divide Hindu/Muslim unity), triggering massive nationalist protests.
9919
The 'Salt March' was a protest against British imperialism led by:
A. Jawaharlal Nehru
B. Subhash Chandra Bose
C. Mahatma Gandhi
D. Muhammad Ali Jinnah
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Gandhi led the non-violent march in 1930 to protest the British monopoly on salt, a key event in the Indian independence movement.
9920
Which 19th-century theory applied the concept of 'survival of the fittest' to human societies to justify imperialism?
A. Socialism
B. Social Darwinism
C. Positivism
D. Utilitarianism
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Social Darwinism was used by imperialists to justify the conquest of 'weaker' races, arguing that European dominance was nature's way of improving the human species.