The partition of Bengal, enacted in 1905 by Lord Curzon, divided Bengal into two provinces to weaken nationalist movements. It sparked widespread protests, particularly from the Indian National Congress, due to its perceived "divide and rule" policy. The intense agitation led King George V to announce the annulment of the partition on 12th December 1911 during the Delhi Durbar, reuniting Bengal while separating Bihar and Orissa as distinct provinces.

Services sector is the primary driver and largest contributor to Pakistan GDP.

Detrimental means harmful; a delay that harms the schedule fits the sentence context.

In most terrestrial ecosystems like grasslands, producers (plants) form the largest biomass because energy diminishes up the trophic levels.

The degrees of freedom equal the number of categories minus one (for the probability sum constraint) minus the number of estimated parameters, i.e., k−1−m.

A p-value is the probability, under H0, of observing data at least as extreme as the observed result; it is not the probability that H0 is true.

Devolution transfers powers and responsibilities to local governments with significant political and administrative autonomy, unlike deconcentration or delegation.

Test–retest reliability evaluates whether test scores remain consistent across administrations separated by time, indicating temporal stability.

Mill retained the greatest-happiness principle but argued that intellectual and moral pleasures are qualitatively superior to mere bodily pleasures.

The FPSC revised scheme specifies that 200-mark optional subjects are examined in two 100-mark papers, not a single 200-mark paper.