Pakistan has long objected to the design of the Ratle and Kishenganga projects on the Chenab and Jhelum rivers respectively. In 2025, India's move to push ahead with construction despite Pakistani protests at the Court of Arbitration led to the current impasse over the treaty's modification.
13802
What technology did India test in 2024-2025 under 'Mission Divyastra' that altered the strategic balance in the region?
In 2024, India successfully tested the Agni-V missile with Multiple Independently Targetable Re-entry Vehicle (MIRV) technology. In 2025, the deployment of this technology meant a single missile could carry multiple warheads and hit different targets, forcing Pakistan to reconsider its 'Full Spectrum Deterrence' and defensive missile shielding.
13803
The Kargil War occurred roughly one year after which major event in South Asia?
The Kargil conflict took place in 1999, just one year after both India and Pakistan conducted successful nuclear tests in May 1998. This made the conflict particularly dangerous as it was the first direct military confrontation between two nuclear-armed neighbors.
13804
The 'Tololing' peak is located in which sector of the Kargil front?
Tololing is a strategic peak in the Dras sector. The battle for Tololing was a critical turning point as it was one of the first major heights to be contested and eventually influenced the outcome of the battles in the surrounding areas.
13805
Which pass on the Saltoro Ridge is located to the south of Bilafond La and was also contested in 1984?
Gyong La is the southernmost of the three strategic passes on the Saltoro Ridge. Its occupation by India in 1984 was vital to prevent Pakistani forces from using it as a back-door entry to the Nubra Valley. Control over Gyong La allows the Indian military to maintain surveillance over the Pakistani-controlled Gyong sector and the logistical routes leading to it.
13806
The Siachen area was part of which larger princely state during the British Raj?
The Siachen Glacier was historically part of the Princely State of Jammu and Kashmir. Following the partition of India in 1947, the state's accession to India was contested by Pakistan, leading to the first Kashmir war. The Siachen region remained an uninhabited and largely ignored part of the northern territories until the 'oropolitics' and map-drawings of the 1970s brought it into the center of the conflict.
13807
Which former UN Secretary-General praised Pakistani peacekeepers as 'a model for others to follow' during a visit to Pakistan?
The current Secretary-General, António Guterres, has frequently praised Pakistan's role. During his 2020 visit to Islamabad, he visited the CIPS training center and expressed deep gratitude for the sacrifices and professional excellence of Pakistani peacekeepers.
13808
Which Pakistani female officer became the first from the country to receive the UN Military Gender Advocate of the Year Award?
Major Samia Rehman was honored with the UN Military Gender Advocate of the Year Award in 2020 for her exceptional work in MONUSCO (DR Congo). Her role in engaging with local communities and promoting gender equality was recognized as a model for future peacekeeping operations.
13809
What was the name of the 1968 case in which Sheikh Mujibur Rahman was accused of conspiring with India to secede?
The Agartala Conspiracy Case was filed by the Ayub Khan government against Mujib and 34 others, alleging a plot to launch an armed revolt with Indian help. The case was eventually withdrawn in 1969 due to massive public protests in East Pakistan, which turned Mujib into a national hero.
13810
Who was the leader of the Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP) who contested the election results in 1970-71?
Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, whose party won the majority in West Pakistan, insisted on a power-sharing arrangement and refused to attend the National Assembly session in Dhaka. His famous slogan 'Idhar Hum, Udhar Tum' (We here, You there) symbolized the political polarization of the country.
