Public protests in AJK have been linked to several grievances, including inflation, electricity tariffs, and the specific issue of the 12 reserved refugee seats in the legislative assembly. Option D is incorrect because A is a factually cited cause. [Source: https://www.dawn.com/news/2008589/nawaz-urges-ajk-to-end-protests-sit-ins-and-engage-in-meaningful-dialogue-with-govt, 17 Jun 2026]
1062
Which institutional mechanism allows the superior judiciary to invalidate executive actions that contravene constitutional provisions?
Judicial review is the constitutional mechanism through which the judiciary exercises its authority to examine the legality and constitutionality of legislative acts and executive orders.
Article 175 of the Constitution of Pakistan establishes the judiciary and is fundamental to the doctrine of the separation of powers, ensuring the judiciary remains distinct from the executive and legislature.
SAARC was established to foster regional cooperation in South Asia, focusing on economic growth, social progress, and cultural development rather than supranational political or military integration.
Consider the following statements about the conflict escalation on July 18, 2026:
1. Iran justified its actions by citing a Quranic command regarding reciprocal attacks.
2. The US and Iran have been testing escalation limits since the collapse of a ceasefire agreement.
3. Iranian health officials reported that over 500 people were killed in US strikes over the past three weeks.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Statement 1 is correct as the IRGC cited a Quranic command for their actions. Statement 2 is correct regarding the testing of escalation limits. Statement 3 is incorrect because the report stated 50 people were killed and 500 were injured, not 500 killed. [Source: https://www.dawn.com/news/2016426/iran-hits-gulf-states-and-jordan-after-seventh-night-of-us-strikes, 18 Jul 2026]
1066
Which of the following is NOT a stated objective or appeal made by the PML-N leadership regarding the situation in AJK?
The leadership urged for dialogue and the cessation of protests to restore peace and advance the electoral process. There was no call for the immediate dissolution of the AJK Legislative Assembly; rather, the focus was on maintaining the constitutional framework. [Source: https://www.dawn.com/news/2008589/nawaz-urges-ajk-to-end-protests-sit-ins-and-engage-in-meaningful-dialogue-with-govt, 17 Jun 2026]
1067
Which of the following best describes the primary mandate of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) in the context of global economic stabilization?
The IMF's primary mandate is to ensure the stability of the international monetary system, which includes monitoring exchange rates and providing short-term financial assistance to countries facing balance-of-payments crises.
Article 25 of the Constitution of Pakistan establishes the fundamental right to equality before the law and equal protection of the law, serving as a cornerstone of constitutional governance.
The World Bank Group focuses on long-term economic development and poverty reduction through project-based financing, distinguishing its mandate from the IMF's focus on balance-of-payments stability.
The Corruption Perceptions Index serves as a governance metric by aggregating expert assessments and surveys to measure the perceived integrity of public sector institutions, rather than measuring absolute corruption levels.
