During the reign of Al-Walid I, Muslim armies led by Tariq bin Ziyad (Spain) and Muhammad bin Qasim (Sindh) expanded the empire significantly.

It is claimed by China (Zhongsha) and Taiwan, and parts are contested by the Philippines.

The transfer sparked protests in Egypt, as many considered the islands Egyptian, though the government argued they were Saudi territory under Egyptian administration.

Bolivia claimed the Silala was a spring, while Chile argued it was an international river. The ICJ ruled in 2022 that it is an international watercourse.

Located in the Black Sea, Snake Island was captured by Russia (famous for the 'Russian warship, go f*** yourself' incident) and later retaken by Ukraine.

The dispute was resolved in 2022. Before that, the two nations would leave bottles of whisky or schnapps for each other on the island.

It provides the shortest maritime route between Europe and the lands lying around the Indian and western Pacific oceans.

Abandoning decades (or centuries) of non-alignment, Finland and Sweden sought NATO security guarantees following Russia's aggression.

Fukuyama argued that the end of the Cold War marked the endpoint of mankind's ideological evolution, a thesis largely contested by the rise of authoritarian powers in a multipolar world.

Zawahiri was found living in a safe house in Kabul after the Taliban returned to power.