In 2005, China's rapid economic growth was accompanied by challenges related to its large population 1. Resource management, environmental sustainability, and social equity were areas of concern.

The United States signed the CTBT in 1996 but has not ratified it. Ratification requires Senate approval, which has not been granted.

The International Day for the Elimination of Racial Discrimination is observed every year on 21 March. This date commemorates the Sharpeville massacre in South Africa in 1960, when police killed 69 people at a peaceful protest against apartheid. The United Nations General Assembly proclaimed the day in 1966, urging the international community to intensify efforts to eliminate all forms of racial discrimination.

The Pacific Ocean reaches its greatest depth in the Mariana Trench—about 10,920 meters below sea level—making it the deepest of the world’s oceans and covering more than 63 million square miles.

“Viva voce” is Latin for “with the living voice,” commonly understood to mean “by word of mouth” and used to describe oral examinations or testimony 1.

The Nagorno-Karabakh region has been contested by Armenia and Azerbaijan, with periodic flare-ups despite ceasefires.

FTX filed for bankruptcy in November 2022 after a liquidity crisis, marking one of the largest crypto collapses.

The United Nations Development Programme publishes the annual Human Development Report, including the 2022 edition.

The UAE was a principal signatory to the original Abraham Accords in 2020 and continued diplomatic normalization efforts through 2022.

The summit convened in Beijing with participation from Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa.