Finland formally joined NATO as its 31st member on 4 April 2023, marking a significant shift in European security dynamics.[1](https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/news213448.htm)

Following his victory in the 2023 elections, Erdoğan continued for a final term, remaining Turkey’s president throughout 2024.[6](https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/erdogan-ally-floats-turkey-constitutional-amendment-let-him-extend-his-tenure-2024-11-05/)

The 2024 Summer Olympics were staged in Paris, France, under the motto “Made for Sharing.”[5](https://testbook.com/question-answer/which-country-will-host-the-2024-olympic-games--616675a510f80e88ca0b5219)

In FY 2023–24, bilateral trade between India and China reached $8.4 billion, making China India’s top trading partner.

Saudi Arabia and Iran officially restored diplomatic ties on 10 March 2023. [13](https://pakmcqs.com/past-papers/css-past-papers-mcqs/css-current-affairs-past-paper-mcqs/css-2025-current-affairs-past-paper-mcqs/saudi-arabia-re-established-its-diplomatic-relations-with-iran-on)

The Simon Commission was boycotted because it had no Indian members, leading to widespread protests.

The Partition of Bengal, introduced in 1905, was annulled in 1911 due to widespread protests and political opposition.

Pakistan conducted its first nuclear tests on 28 May 1998 in response to India’s nuclear tests earlier that month.

The Chauri Chaura incident occurred on February 4, 1922, when protesters clashed with police, leading to the death of police officers. This event caused Mahatma Gandhi to suspend the Non-Cooperation Movement.

Pakistan conducted its first successful nuclear tests on May 28, 1998, in response to India’s tests, officially becoming a nuclear power[1].