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71
Islamabad officially became the capital of Pakistan in: (2026)
A. 1969
B. 1966
C. 1962
D. None of these
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Explanation
Gomal Zam Dam is located in South Waziristan.
72
Pakistan's largest solar park is in: (2026)
A. Dera Ismail Khan
B. Sukkur
C. Gwadar
D. Bahawalpur
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Explanation
Choudhry Rahmat Ali coined the word Pakistan in 1933.
73
The establishment and structure of the Supreme Court is provided under Article _________: (2026)
A. 63–64
B. 99
C. 176–191
D. None of these
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Explanation
Articles 176-191 provide the structure and powers of the Supreme Court.
74
The only Pakistani PM who visited the US and addressed a joint session of Congress is: (2026)
A. Benazir Bhutto
B. Liaquat Ali Khan
C. Shaukat Aziz
D. None of these
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Explanation
The Radcliffe Award was announced on 17 August 1947 (None of these).
75
The edited volume "The Future of Pakistan" is authored by: (2026)
A. Anatol Lieven
B. Stephen P. Cohen
C. Pervez Hoodbhoy
D. None of these
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Explanation
Stephen P. Cohen edited The Future of Pakistan.
76
Who is the author of the book "Making Sense of Pakistan"? (2026)
A. K.K Aziz
B. Farzana Shaikh
C. Ayesha Jalal
D. Anatol Lieven
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Explanation
The Lucknow Pact (1916) accepted the principle of separate electorates.
77
The project manager insisted that the prototype be tested immediately because any delay could be ______ to the schedule.
A. detrimental
B. negligible
C. fortuitous
D. redundant
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Explanation
Detrimental means harmful; a delay that harms the schedule fits the sentence context.
78
In a stable temperate grassland ecosystem, which trophic level typically has the greatest standing biomass?
A. Primary producers (plants)
B. Primary consumers (herbivores)
C. Secondary consumers (predators)
D. Tertiary consumers (top predators)
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Explanation
In most terrestrial ecosystems like grasslands, producers (plants) form the largest biomass because energy diminishes up the trophic levels.
79
In a chi-square goodness-of-fit test for k categories where m parameters are estimated from the data, the appropriate degrees of freedom is:
A. k
B. k − 1 − m
C. k − m
D. k + m − 1
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Explanation
The degrees of freedom equal the number of categories minus one (for the probability sum constraint) minus the number of estimated parameters, i.e., k−1−m.
80
Which of the following is the correct interpretation of a p-value in hypothesis testing?
A. The probability that the null hypothesis is true given the data
B. The probability that the alternative hypothesis is true
C. The probability of committing a Type II error
D. The probability of obtaining data as extreme as observed or more so, assuming the null hypothesis is true
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Explanation
A p-value is the probability, under H0, of observing data at least as extreme as the observed result; it is not the probability that H0 is true.
