Saudi Arabia released 572 Pakistani prisoners during Ramadan 2019 as part of a repatriation and humanitarian initiative.

Theresa May formally stepped down as leader of the Conservative Party (and thus as prime minister) on July 24, 2019 after the leadership process concluded.

Iran shot down the US drone on June 20, 2019, as reported in accounts of that incident.

The Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) won the largest number of seats in the 2019 Indian general election, securing a clear parliamentary majority.

Tijjani Muhammad-Bande served as the President of the 74th session of the United Nations General Assembly, holding that office during the 2019–2020 session.

The 14th OIC summit took place on May 31, 2019, which is the stated date of that session.

The Citizenship (Amendment) Act 2019 is recorded as having been passed on 11 December 2019.

The question specifies that India announced a self-imposed curfew on 22 March 2019.

As stated in the paper, the Indian Citizenship Bill was passed on December 11, 2019.

Maria Montessori is renowned for her method that emphasizes the child's independence and self-directed learning, often referred to as self-education. While John Dewey is associated with learning by doing, Froebel with the Kindergarten system, and Pestalozzi with child-centered pedagogy, the question asks to identify the correct contribution, and Montessori's focus on self-education is a foundational principle of her educational philosophy.