The Non-Aligned Movement was built on principles of sovereignty, non-interference, and peaceful coexistence. Mutual defense pacts were explicitly avoided, as the movement sought to remain independent of the military alliances formed by the major Cold War powers.

Pakistan officially joined the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) in 1979 during the Havana Summit. This move marked a significant shift in Pakistan's foreign policy, as the country sought to align itself with the principles of non-interference and neutrality in the context of the Cold War tensions between the major global superpowers of that era.

The 16th Summit of the Non-Aligned Movement took place in Tehran, Iran, in August 2012. This summit brought together leaders from various member nations to discuss global political and economic issues under the principles of the movement.

The 18th Summit of the Non-Aligned Movement took place in Baku, Azerbaijan, in October 2019, following the 17th summit held in Venezuela. Although the question references a 2019 date, the summit hosted by Azerbaijan is the primary event associated with that year. The movement continues to serve as a forum for countries not formally aligned with or against any major power bloc.

Al-Khwarizmi, often referred to as the father of algebra, authored 'Kitab al-Jabr wal-Muqabala' in the 9th century. This seminal work provided the first systematic approach to solving linear and quadratic equations. The term 'algebra' is derived from the title of this book, and his methods laid the foundational principles for modern algebraic mathematics, influencing scholars across the Islamic world and eventually Europe.

The Mangla Dam, located in the Mirpur District of Azad Kashmir, Pakistan, is one of the largest earth-fill dams in the world. Its construction was a major engineering feat initiated under the Indus Waters Treaty. The project was officially completed and inaugurated in 1967, significantly contributing to the country's water storage capacity and hydroelectric power generation capabilities for decades.

The Khojak Pass is a mountain pass located in the Toba Kakar Range of the Balochistan province in Pakistan. It connects the town of Qila Abdullah to Chaman, near the border with Afghanistan. It is historically significant for its strategic location and the construction of the Khojak Tunnel, which was a major engineering feat in the region.

Hong Kong has historically been ranked as one of the world's freest economies in various global indices. This status is attributed to its commitment to free-market principles, including low tax rates, minimal government intervention in business, and the absence of significant trade barriers, which facilitate international commerce and investment.

The traditional motto of the Red Cross is 'Inter arma caritas', which translates from Latin to 'Charity in War'. This phrase encapsulates the organization's fundamental principle of providing humanitarian aid and medical assistance to those affected by armed conflict, regardless of their political or military affiliation, maintaining neutrality and humanity during times of strife.

On August 9, 2019, the government of Pakistan officially announced the suspension of bilateral trade with India. This decision was taken in response to the Indian government's move to revoke Article 370 of the Indian Constitution, which had previously granted special status to the region of Jammu and Kashmir.