Pakistan’s first constitution came into force on 23 March 1956, turning the country into the Islamic Republic and ending its status as a dominion[12](https://historypak.com/constitution-of-1956/).

The Treaty of Lausanne, which recognized the sovereignty of the Republic of Turkey, was signed on 24 July 1923 in Switzerland[26](https://thediplomaticinsight.com/understanding-treaty-of-lausanne/).

Muhammad Ali Jauhar, a prominent leader of the Khilafat Movement, edited Comrade, an English-language newspaper launched in 1911. It advocated for Muslim rights and played a significant role in mobilizing public opinion during the freedom movement.

The Khunjerab Pass, located at 4,693 meters in the Karakoram Range, is the primary border crossing between Pakistan and China. It is a key part of the Karakoram Highway, facilitating trade and connectivity under the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC).

The Sino-Pakistan Boundary Agreement, signed on 2nd March 1963, demarcated the border between Pakistan and China in the Gilgit-Baltistan region. It strengthened bilateral ties and resolved territorial disputes, notably involving the Shaksgam Valley.

Pakistan's first constitution was adopted in 1956, which declared the country an Islamic republic; the other years correspond to independence and later constitutions.

The Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan is the highest law of the land, making option d correct.

The Supreme Court is the highest judicial body charged with constitutional interpretation, so option c is correct.

The WHO is the UN agency responsible for international public health and coordinating responses to disease outbreaks, making option d correct.

PPPs leverage private capital and expertise while allocating some construction and operational risks to private partners, though public oversight remains necessary.