They shared the 2008 prize for their discovery of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Harald zur Hausen also shared the prize for discovering HPVs cause cervical cancer.

The SAARC Development Fund (SDF), established in 2008, finances projects to alleviate poverty and promote social and economic development.

The 2008 Charter, adopted in Dakar, modernized the OIC's objectives, emphasizing human rights and cooperation.

The 2008 Charter supports a Palestinian state with East Jerusalem as its capital, per pre-1967 borders.

The 2008 Charter, adopted in Dakar, modernized objectives, emphasizing human rights and cooperation.

The bankruptcy filing of Lehman Brothers on September 15, 2008, was the largest in U.S. history and intensified the 2008 global financial crisis.

Slowbalization refers to the slowing down of globalization, characterized by sluggish growth in trade and cross-border investment relative to global GDP.

Hyperinflation occurs when a country experiences very high and accelerating inflation, usually more than 50% per month, which erodes the real value of the local currency.

Mortgage-Backed Securities (MBS) are investment products similar to bonds. The collapse in the value of MBS, particularly those backed by subprime loans, was a primary cause of the 2008 financial crisis.

The crisis started with the collapse of the U.S. housing market and subprime mortgages.