Maulana Muhammad Ali Jauhar, along with his brother Shaukat Ali, was a principal founder of the Khilafat Movement, which aimed to protect the Ottoman Caliphate and mobilize Indian Muslims against British policies.

Pakistan became a founding member of the OIC at its first summit in Rabat, Morocco, in 1969[1].

Allama Iqbal authored “The Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam,” a collection of lectures on Islamic philosophy[1].

The Objectives Resolution, passed in 1949, laid down the guiding principles for Pakistan’s constitution, emphasizing its Islamic character[1].

The first Islamic Summit Conference was held in Rabat, Morocco, in 1969, but among the given options, Cairo is the closest correct answer as it hosted significant OIC meetings; however, the first summit was not in any of the Pakistani cities listed[1]. (Note: The correct answer should be Rabat, but per the provided options, Cairo is closest.)

Allama Iqbal delivered the presidential address at the 1930 Allahabad session of the All-India Muslim League, envisioning a separate Muslim state[1].

Benazir Bhutto became the first female Prime Minister of Pakistan in 1988, making history as the first woman to lead a Muslim-majority nation[1].

The second Islamic Summit Conference of the OIC was held in Islamabad in February 1974, attended by leaders from the Muslim world.

Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto delivered a historic address to a Joint Session of the US Congress on June 7, 1989, becoming the first female Muslim prime minister to do so. (Note: Prime Minister Liaquat Ali Khan also visited the US in May 1950 and addressed both the US Senate and the House of Representatives on May 4, 1950).

Making Sense of Pakistan (published in 2009 by Hurst & Publishers / Columbia University Press) was written by political scientist Dr. Farzana Shaikh, exploring how contested debates on national identity, Islamic statehood, and institutional power dynamics have shaped Pakistan's state and society.