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The MCQs below are drawn from the Islamic Studies (for Muslim candidates) / Ethics (for Non-Muslim candidates) subject category.
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311
The Lucknow Pact of 1916 is best remembered for:
A. calling for immediate independence from Britain by a united nationalist front
B. a formal agreement between the Indian National Congress and the Muslim League on separate electorates and communal representation
C. establishing the Simon Commission to review constitutional reforms
D. endorsing the launch of a violent armed struggle against colonial rule
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Explanation
The Lucknow Pact marked cooperation between Congress and the Muslim League and accepted Muslim demands for separate electorates and weightage in representation.
312
Which immediate factor is commonly identified as the spark for the Indian Rebellion of 1857?
A. the abolition of zamindari in Bengal
B. the imposition of English civil law on Hindu society
C. the introduction of Enfield rifle cartridges rumored to be greased with cow and pig fat
D. the annexation of Hyderabad by the East India Company
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Explanation
The controversy over the greased cartridges offended both Hindu and Muslim sepoys and served as the immediate trigger for the 1857 uprising.
313
The Lahore Resolution (1940), adopted by the All-India Muslim League, formally called for:
A. the immediate creation of a single sovereign state called 'Pakistan' covering all Muslim areas
B. independent states or autonomous units for Muslims in the north-western and eastern zones of India
C. greater provincial autonomy within a united federal India
D. the abolition of separate electorates and communal representation
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Explanation
The text of the Lahore Resolution spoke of independent states or autonomous units in Muslim-majority areas rather than naming a single state called Pakistan.
314
Which South Asian leader is widely credited with first articulating the idea of a separate Muslim homeland in his 1930 Allahabad address?
A. Allama Muhammad Iqbal
B. Muhammad Ali Jinnah
C. Sir Syed Ahmad Khan
D. Maulana Abul Kalam Azad
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Explanation
In his 1930 Allahabad presidential address Iqbal formally envisaged a consolidated Muslim territory in north-western India, making him the earliest prominent articulator of the idea.
315
Which theoretical approach in Gender Studies most directly challenges fixed categories of sexual identity and emphasizes fluidity?
A. Liberal feminism
B. Radical feminism
C. Queer theory
D. Marxist feminism
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Explanation
Queer theory critiques fixed identity categories and emphasizes fluidity in sexual and gender identities.
316
Which statement most accurately describes 'patriarchy' in Gender Studies discourse?
A. A political system where women hold primary power over institutions
B. A social system where men hold primary power and dominate roles in political leadership, moral authority, and control of property
C. An economic model focused solely on female-headed households
D. A temporary cultural practice limited to pre-industrial societies
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Explanation
Patriarchy is understood as a social system in which men hold primary power across institutions and social roles.
317
What does CEDAW, a key international instrument often studied in Gender Studies, stand for?
A. Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women
B. Charter for Equality and Development of All Women
C. Committee on Enforcement of Domestic Actions for Women
D. Convention on Economic Development and Women's Rights
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Explanation
CEDAW is the UN Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women, the primary international treaty on women's rights.
318
In Gender Studies, how is the term 'gender' best defined?
A. The biological and physiological characteristics that define male and female bodies
B. The socially constructed roles, behaviors and identities associated with being male, female or non-binary
C. A fixed personality trait that all individuals inherit from birth
D. A legal status assigned by the state based solely on anatomy
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Explanation
Gender refers to socially constructed roles, behaviors and identities rather than innate biological characteristics.
319
In place of Islamic Studies, what option is explicitly allowed for non-Muslim candidates according to the scheme?
A. Ethics and Comparative Law
B. Philosophy of Religion
C. Islamic History and Culture
D. Comparative Study of Major Religions
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Explanation
The scheme allows non-Muslim candidates to offer Comparative Study of Major Religions instead of Islamic Studies.
320
In empirical criminology, which operational indicator is most commonly used to measure recidivism in longitudinal studies?
A. Victimization survey reports of repeat victimization
B. Rearrest rates for a prior offender within a specified follow-up period
C. Self-report surveys asking about past criminal behavior
D. Community perceptions of reduced reoffending
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Explanation
Recidivism is most often operationalized as rearrest (or reconviction/reincarceration) within a defined follow-up period in longitudinal research.
