The 1956 Constitution was promulgated on March 23, 1956, and remained in effect until October 1958, when it was abrogated following the imposition of martial law. This period lasted approximately two and a half years, commonly referred to as two years in historical summaries.

The President of Pakistan can be removed from office through the process of impeachment as outlined in the Constitution. This requires a specific majority vote in the Parliament, ensuring that the head of state is held accountable for serious misconduct or inability to perform duties.

The Objectives Resolution declares that sovereignty over the entire universe belongs to Almighty Allah alone, and the authority to be exercised by the people of Pakistan within the limits prescribed by Him is a sacred trust.

Under the constitutional framework of Pakistan, the Senate includes reserved seats for various categories, including technocrats, ulema, and minorities. Specifically, four seats are allocated for non-Muslims to ensure their representation in the upper house of the Parliament, reflecting the constitutional commitment to minority inclusion in the legislative process.

Article 72 of the Indian Constitution actually grants the President the power to grant pardons. The provided answer 'A' (Article 45) is factually incorrect regarding the Indian Constitution. This conflict is noted as the source material provided an incorrect reference.

Article 251 of the Constitution of Pakistan 1973 explicitly establishes Urdu as the national language of the country. It mandates that arrangements be made for its use for official and other purposes within fifteen years from the commencing day. This provision serves to unify the nation through a common linguistic medium while respecting the regional languages of the provinces.

The Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, 1973, as originally enacted, consisted of 280 Articles divided into 12 parts and 6 schedules. While subsequent amendments have modified, added, or repealed certain articles, the original structure was defined by these 280 articles.

The Objectives Resolution explicitly states that the independence of the judiciary shall be fully secured. This provision is fundamental to the constitutional framework of Pakistan, ensuring that the courts can function without external pressure or interference, thereby upholding the rule of law.

Article 172 of the Constitution of Pakistan explicitly defines the ownership of property and resources. It stipulates that any property which has no rightful owner, including lands, minerals, and other valuable resources located within the continental shelf or underlying the ocean beyond the territorial waters of Pakistan, shall vest in the Federal Government, thereby securing national control over these vital economic assets.

Article 242 of the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan specifically mandates the establishment of a Public Service Commission for the Federation and for each Province. This constitutional provision ensures that recruitment to civil services and posts is conducted through an independent and merit-based body, thereby upholding the principles of transparency and administrative efficiency within the government structure.