The first Summit for Democracy was organized virtually by US President Joe Biden from Washington, D.C., in December 2021.

COP26 took place in Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom, in November 2021.

The Indian Ocean is bounded by landmasses in the tropics and lacks polar connectivity to the north, making its surface temperatures the warmest on average.

The text explains that glaciers consist of fallen snow that compresses over years into large ice masses without fully melting.

SilkAir was the regional airline subsidiary of Singapore Airlines, based in Singapore [2, p19]. It primarily served short to medium-haul destinations in the Asia-Pacific region. (Note: SilkAir was fully integrated into Singapore Airlines in 2021, but was a distinct entity in 2010).

The Pacific Ocean is the largest and deepest ocean on Earth, covering more area than all the landmasses combined.

The International Day for the Elimination of Racial Discrimination is observed every year on 21 March. This date commemorates the Sharpeville massacre in South Africa in 1960, when police killed 69 people at a peaceful protest against apartheid. The United Nations General Assembly proclaimed the day in 1966, urging the international community to intensify efforts to eliminate all forms of racial discrimination.

China has led the world in Internet users since 2008, with over 700 million people online by 2014. Its massive user base has driven the growth of domestic tech giants and shaped global digital trends.

China successfully orbited PakSat-1R on 11 August 2011 to ensure Pakistan’s communications coverage.

NASA, in partnership with ESA and CSA, launched JWST on 25 December 2021 from French Guiana and began science operations in 2022.