'Armughan-i-Hijaz' is a celebrated poetic collection written by the philosopher-poet Allama Muhammad Iqbal. The title translates to 'Gift of Hijaz'. It was one of his final works, written towards the end of his life, and it reflects his deep spiritual devotion and intellectual maturity, serving as a profound legacy in Urdu and Persian poetry.
82
Which Iranian astronomer, known for serving as a scientific advisor to Hulagu Khan, is credited with authoring 64 scientific books?
Nasir al-Din al-Tusi was a prominent Persian polymath, architect, philosopher, physician, scientist, and theologian. He served as a scientific advisor to the Mongol ruler Hulagu Khan and is highly regarded for his extensive contributions to astronomy and mathematics, including numerous influential scientific treatises.
83
Identify the Persian poet who authored the famous literary works 'Bustan' and 'Gulistan'.
Sheikh Saadi of Shiraz was a major Persian poet and prose writer of the medieval period. He is widely celebrated for his two primary works, 'Bustan' (The Orchard) and 'Gulistan' (The Rose Garden), which are considered masterpieces of Persian literature and moral instruction.
84
Who is the author of the significant philosophical and scientific treatise titled 'Kitab-al-Shafa'?
The 'Kitab al-Shifa', often translated as the 'Book of Healing', is a monumental encyclopedic work covering philosophy, science, and logic. It was authored by the renowned Persian polymath Ibn Sina, also known in the West as Avicenna or Bu Ali Sina, during the Islamic Golden Age.
85
Which scholar is the author of the seminal mathematical text 'Hasab Al-Jabr Wal-Muqabala'?
The book 'Al-Kitab al-mukhtasar fi hisab al-jabr wa'l-muqabala' was written by the Persian mathematician Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi. This foundational work introduced systematic methods for solving linear and quadratic equations, effectively establishing the field of algebra.
86
Which major medical work by Bu Ali Sina (Avicenna) provides a comprehensive explanation of human anatomy and body functions?
Al-Qanun fi al-Tibb, or The Canon of Medicine, is a monumental encyclopedia of medicine written by the Persian physician Avicenna. It served as the standard medical textbook in both the Islamic world and Europe for centuries. The work systematically covers human physiology, anatomy, pathology, and pharmacology, reflecting the advanced scientific knowledge of the era and the author's profound influence on medical history.
87
What was the primary professional identity of the Persian figure Omar Khayyam?
Omar Khayyam was a prominent Persian polymath who lived during the 11th and 12th centuries. While he made significant contributions to mathematics and astronomy, he is most widely celebrated in literature for his collection of quatrains known as the Rubaiyat, which established his enduring legacy as a renowned poet.
88
Consider the following statements about the recent escalation in the Persian Gulf:
1. The new Iranian leadership has declared the Resistance Front an inseparable part of the Islamic Revolution's values.
2. The United States President claimed that the war had already been won prior to the latest tanker attacks.
3. The Revolutionary Guards denied any involvement in the attack on the Thai bulk carrier.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Statement 1 is correct as the leader praised the Resistance Front. Statement 2 is correct as it reflects the US President's stance. Statement 3 is incorrect because the Revolutionary Guards explicitly claimed responsibility for the attack on the Thai bulk carrier. [Source: https://www.dawn.com/news/1981360/in-first-remarks-irans-new-supreme-leader-vows-to-avenge-martyrs-keep-strait-of-hormuz-closed, 12 Mar 2026]
89
Consider the following statements about the Strait of Hormuz and the 2026 geopolitical developments:
1. The Strait of Hormuz connects the Persian Gulf to the Gulf of Oman.
2. The US President claimed that the United States would refrain from military action while waiting for international support.
3. The Iranian leadership indicated that blocking the strait is a strategic tool to exert pressure on Washington.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Statement 1 is geographically correct. Statement 2 is false because the US President explicitly stated the US would be 'bombing the hell out of the shoreline' and shooting Iranian boats. Statement 3 is correct as it reflects the stated intent of the Iranian leadership. [Source: https://www.dawn.com/news/1982096/trump-claims-many-countries-will-send-warships-to-keep-strait-of-hormuz-open, 14 Mar 2026]
90
During his visit on June 23, 2026, the Iranian President identified which region as requiring a new security structure through intra-regional cooperation?
President Pezeshkian specifically highlighted West Asia and the Persian Gulf as the strategic regions where sustainable security must be ensured through regional cooperation. Other regions listed are geographically distinct from the focus of his diplomatic proposal. [Source: https://www.dawn.com/news/2010220/hands-of-friendship-iran-president-calls-for-new-regional-security-structure-among-muslim-nations, 23 Jun 2026]
