Shah Wali Ullah translated the Holy Quran into Persian, producing a Persian-language rendition of the text.

Duplicate of Q27. 2011 mission (CIA).

Duplicate of Q108; retained for completeness.

The Strait of Hormuz, near Pakistani waters, is a key trade route (maritime studies).

Operation Neptune Spear was the 2011 mission that killed Osama bin Laden, per US military records (e.g., CIA reports).

Originally named the Organization of the Islamic Conference in 1969, its name was officially changed to Organization of Islamic Cooperation in 2011.

As of early 2007 (the year of this paper), Ban Ki-moon of South Korea was the UN Secretary-General. He assumed office on January 1, 2007, succeeding Kofi Annan [1, p5]. His first term ended in 2011, and he was re-elected for a second term.

As of 2009, Sudan (before the secession of South Sudan in 2011) was the largest country in Africa by land area [2, p26]. After South Sudan's independence, Algeria became the largest African country.

While ethnic demographics in Afghanistan can be subject to varying estimates, Tajiks are generally considered the second-largest ethnic group after Pashtuns [2, p26]. They predominantly speak Dari (a dialect of Persian) and are concentrated in the northern and western regions of the country, as well as in urban centers like Kabul.

As of early 2011, when this paper was likely set, Pakistan had served as a non-permanent member of the UN Security Council six times. These terms were: 1952–1953, 1968–1969, 1976–1977, 1983–1984, 1993–1994, and 2003–20042. Pakistan was later elected for a seventh term (2012-2013).