John B. Watson is considered the founder of behaviorism. He argued that for psychology to be a true science, it must focus on observable, measurable behavior rather than internal mental states, which he deemed subjective and unscientific.

John B. Watson is widely credited as the founder of Behaviorism, a school of psychology that emphasizes the study of observable behavior rather than internal mental states. He formally introduced this perspective in his influential 1913 paper, 'Psychology as the Behaviorist Views It,' which argued that psychology should be an objective, experimental science focused on prediction and control of behavior.

John B. Watson, a pioneer of behaviorism, conducted the Little Albert experiment in 1920. He demonstrated that emotional responses, such as fear, could be classically conditioned in humans by pairing a neutral stimulus (a white rat) with an unconditioned stimulus (a loud noise). This study remains a landmark in psychological history for its demonstration of stimulus generalization and the application of classical conditioning principles to human emotions.

John Watson is considered the founder of the behavioral school of psychology. In his 1913 manifesto, he argued that psychology should be the science of observable behavior. By shifting the focus away from consciousness and introspection, he established a framework that prioritized empirical observation, environmental conditioning, and objective measurement in psychological research.

Humanistic psychology emerged as a reaction against the deterministic views of behaviorism and psychoanalysis. It emphasizes the 'whole person,' focusing on self-actualization, free will, and the inherent drive toward personal growth. Humanists believe that individuals have the capacity to make choices and that understanding human distinctiveness is central to psychological study.

John B. Watson, B.F. Skinner, and Edward Thorndike were key figures in behaviorism, focusing on observable behavior and environmental influences. Abraham Maslow, however, was a pioneer of humanistic psychology, which emphasizes personal growth, self-actualization, and the subjective experience of the individual, standing in direct contrast to the behaviorist focus on external conditioning.

Humanistic psychology emphasizes the inherent goodness of people and their drive toward self-actualization. While option C is also a core tenet of humanistic thought, the provided answer key identifies A as the correct choice. We note this potential conflict as both A and C are widely accepted in humanistic theory.

Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow are the primary founders of humanistic psychology. This school of thought emerged as a 'third force' in psychology, emphasizing individual potential, personal growth, self-actualization, and the inherent goodness of human beings, contrasting with the deterministic views of psychoanalysis and behaviorism.

Humanistic psychology emerged as a reaction against the deterministic views of psychoanalysis and behaviorism. Humanists emphasized the importance of individual agency, personal growth, and the capacity for self-determination. By focusing on free will, they argued that individuals have the power to make choices and shape their own lives, rather than being solely driven by unconscious impulses or environmental conditioning. This perspective prioritizes the subjective experience and the inherent potential for human goodness.

Humanistic psychology, particularly the work of theorists like Carl Rogers, emphasizes the importance of self-concept and personal growth. This perspective suggests that psychological distress often arises when there is a discrepancy between an individual's 'real self' and 'ideal self,' and that healing involves taking responsibility for one's feelings and achieving self-actualization.