December 2025 Edition
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December 2025 Current Affairs MCQs & Solutions
Top national & international current affairs questions for CSS, PMS, FPSC, PPSC, and NTS screening tests.
#2221
What was the name of the military operation conducted by Pakistan in response to Indian adventurism following the 2025 Pahalgam attack?
(a) Operation Zarb-e-Azb
(b) Operation Bunyanum Marsoos
(c) Operation Swift Retort
(d) None of these
Explanation: The Foreign Office explicitly referenced Operation Bunyanum Marsoos as the response to India's military actions in 2025. Other operations listed are either historical or unrelated to this specific timeline. [Source: https://www.dawn.com/news/1994381/pakistan-rejects-indian-propaganda-on-pahalgam-attack-deplores-weaponisation-of-false-narrative, 23 Apr 2026]
#2222
Consider the following statements about the US-Saudi nuclear cooperation agreement: 1. The agreement includes provisions for bilateral safeguards. 2. The deal is subject to review by the US Congress. 3. The agreement was signed in 2025 to coincide with the mutual defence pact. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) All three
Explanation: Statements 1 and 2 are correct as the deal includes bilateral safeguards and requires Congressional review. Statement 3 is incorrect because the nuclear agreement was signed in 2026, whereas the mutual defence pact mentioned in the text was signed in 2025. [Source: https://www.dawn.com/news/2017738/us-announces-civilian-nuclear-deal-with-saudi-arabia-says-it-includes-non-proliferation-safeguards, 23 Jul 2026]
#2223
Which country became the first in the world to authorize the commercial sale of lab-grown meat on December 2, 2020?
(a) Malaysia
(b) Peru
(c) Singapore
(d) Australia
Explanation: Singapore made global history by becoming the first nation to grant regulatory approval for the sale of cultured meat, specifically chicken bites produced by the company Eat Just. This milestone marked a significant advancement in food technology and sustainable protein production.
#2224
Where was the third emergency OIC Conference held on December 10, 2005?
(a) Makka
(b) Jaya putra
(c) Madina
(d) Jaddah
Explanation: The third extraordinary session of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) summit was held in December 2005 in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. This conference brought together leaders from member states to discuss critical issues facing the Islamic world, including regional stability and socio-economic development. The city of Jeddah served as the host for this significant diplomatic gathering, which aimed to strengthen cooperation among member nations.
#2225
In which city was the United Nations Climate Change Conference held in December 2009?
(a) Copenhagen
(b) Washington
(c) Paris
(d) London
Explanation: The 2009 United Nations Climate Change Conference, widely known as the Copenhagen Summit, took place in Copenhagen, Denmark. It was a significant international event aimed at negotiating a global agreement to address climate change and reduce greenhouse gas emissions, bringing together world leaders to discuss environmental policy and future sustainability goals.
#2226
Which state became the first to ratify the United States Constitution on December 7, 1787?
(a) Delaware
(b) New York
(c) Texas
(d) Wisconsin
Explanation: Delaware holds the distinction of being the first state to ratify the United States Constitution on December 7, 1787. By being the first to approve the document, it earned the nickname 'The First State.' This ratification was a pivotal moment in the formation of the United States, as it set the process in motion for the new federal government to replace the Articles of Confederation and establish a more unified national structure.
#2227
Who was the first explorer to successfully reach the South Pole on December 14, 1911?
(a) The Navigator Ferdinand Magellan
(b) Commander Robert E. Peary of US Navy
(c) Roald Amundsen from Norway
(d) Sir Francis Drake of England
Explanation: Roald Amundsen, a Norwegian explorer, led the first expedition to successfully reach the geographic South Pole on December 14, 1911. His team utilized skis and dog sleds to navigate the harsh Antarctic terrain, successfully beating the competing British expedition led by Robert Falcon Scott to the pole.
#2228
Who was the first individual to successfully reach the South Pole on December 14, 1911?
(a) The Navigator Ferdinand Magellan
(b) Commander Robert E. Peary of US Navy
(c) Roald Amundsen from Norway
(d) Sir Francis Drake of England
Explanation: Roald Amundsen, a Norwegian explorer, led the first expedition to reach the geographic South Pole on December 14, 1911. His team successfully navigated the treacherous Antarctic terrain, arriving at the pole ahead of the British expedition led by Robert Falcon Scott. This achievement remains a significant milestone in the history of polar exploration and human endurance.
#2229
Which state was the first to ratify the United States Constitution on December 7, 1787, thereby joining the Union?
(a) Delaware
(b) New York
(c) Texas
(d) Wisconsin
Explanation: Delaware holds the distinction of being the first state to ratify the U.S. Constitution on December 7, 1787. By being the first to approve the document, it earned the nickname 'The First State.' This action was a critical step in the formation of the federal government of the United States following the American Revolution.
#2230
Which surgeon performed the world's first successful human-to-human heart transplant on December 3, 1967?
(a) Dr. George Smith
(b) Dr. Christian Barnard
(c) Dr Christopher Nelson
(d) Dr. Lawrence Neil
Explanation: Dr. Christiaan Barnard, a South African cardiac surgeon, achieved a major medical milestone by performing the first successful human-to-human heart transplant at Groote Schuur Hospital in Cape Town on December 3, 1967. This pioneering operation marked a significant advancement in medical science and surgery, demonstrating that heart transplantation was a viable procedure for treating end-stage heart failure.
#2231
Which renowned surgeon successfully performed the world's first human-to-human heart transplant on December 3, 1967?
(a) Dr. George Smith
(b) Dr. Christian Barnard
(c) Dr Christopher Nelson
(d) Dr. Lawrence Neil
Explanation: Dr. Christiaan Barnard, a South African cardiac surgeon, achieved a major medical milestone by performing the first successful human-to-human heart transplant at Groote Schuur Hospital in Cape Town. This pioneering procedure revolutionized transplant surgery and brought global attention to the field of cardiology.
#2232
For Hajj 2025, Pakistan's total quota will be divided between the Government and Private sector as:
(a) 60:40
(b) 55:45
(c) 50:50
(d) 45:55
Explanation: Pakistan's total Hajj quota is distributed equally at 50:50 between the Government Hajj Scheme and Private Hajj Group Organizers (HGOs).
#2233
Why did Muslims observe "Deliverance Day" on 22nd December 1939?
(a) End of Second World War
(b) Failure of Cabinet Mission
(c) End of Congress Ministries
(d) Success of Muslim League in election
Explanation: Muslims observed "Deliverance Day" on December 22, 1939, to celebrate the resignation of Congress ministries in seven provinces, which had governed since the 1937 elections. The Muslim League, led by Jinnah, viewed their rule as oppressive to Muslims, and their resignation was seen as a relief. The original question and answer were correct.
#2234
Which amendment, made on December 30, 1985, divided executive powers at the federal level between the Prime Minister and President?
(a) 7th
(b) 8th
(c) 9th
(d) 10th
Explanation: The 8th Amendment, passed on December 30, 1985, under Zia-ul-Haq, gave the President significant powers, including the ability to dissolve the National Assembly, balancing executive authority with the Prime Minister. The original question had a typo (“198°”), corrected to “1985.”
#2235
What was the central agenda of Emmanuel Macron's 2025 visit to China?
(a) Military alliance formation
(b) Trade rebalancing and economic cooperation
(c) Cooperation in AI
(d) None of these
Explanation: French President Emmanuel Macron's diplomatic visit to China focused primarily on addressing the widening European trade deficit with Beijing, securing fair market access for European companies, promoting economic "de-risking" without decoupling, and discussing cooperation on global economic governance and conflict de-escalation.
#2236
got Nobel Peace Prize, 2025:
(a) Nicolás Maduro (Venezuela)
(b) María Corina Machado (Venezuela)
(c) Georgia Meloni (Italy)
(d) None of these
Explanation: María Corina Machado, a Venezuelan democratic opposition leader, was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in recognition of her tireless, courageous, and non-violent struggle to defend democratic principles, human rights, and a peaceful transition to democracy in Venezuela against authoritarian rule.
#2237
In 2025, conflict between Thailand and Cambodia erupted on the issue of:
(a) Human trafficking
(b) Boundary claims
(c) Unchecked Smuggling
(d) Ownership of a temple
Explanation: Diplomatic and political tensions between Thailand and Cambodia flared over overlapping territorial and maritime boundary claims in the Gulf of Thailand (specifically involving resource-rich offshore zones and the area around the island of Koh Kood governed under the 2001 Memorandum of Understanding).
#2238
On June 22, 2025, US B2 Bombers and Tomahawk missiles hit Iran's nuclear facility as part of:
(a) Operation Inherent Resolve
(b) Operation Resolute Support
(c) Operation Dragoon
(d) Operation Midnight Hammer
Explanation: Operation Midnight Hammer was the codename for the high-precision military strike conducted by the US military on June 22, 2025, utilizing USAF B-2 Spirit stealth bombers equipped with GBU-57 Massive Ordnance Penetrator (MOP) bunker-buster bombs along with submarine-launched Tomahawk cruise missiles to target fortified nuclear facilities at Fordow, Natanz, and Isfahan.
#2239
In May 2025, European Union lifted all economic sanctions against:
(a) Iraq
(b) Cuba
(c) Sudan
(d) Syria
Explanation: In May 2025, following pivotal diplomatic developments, transitional security arrangements, and humanitarian reconstruction agreements, the European Union moved to lift its long-standing comprehensive economic and sectoral sanctions on Syria to support national recovery and normal commercial engagement.
#2240
Who was appointed the new Chancellor of Germany in December 2021, succeeding Angela Merkel?
(a) Olaf Scholz
(b) Frank-Walter Steinmeier
(c) Armin Laschet
(d) Markus Söder
Explanation: Olaf Scholz, leader of the Social Democratic Party, was sworn in on 8 December 2021 as Germany's ninth chancellor.