Sindh MDCAT - Logical Reasoning MCQs

31

Which morphological feature is a defining synapomorphy of the phylum Chordata present at some life stage?

A

Exoskeleton

B

Radial symmetry

C

Notochord

D

Water vascular system

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32

Which best describes a primary aim of green infrastructure in urban areas?

A

Increase impervious surfaces to speed runoff

B

Manage stormwater, reduce urban heat-island effects and provide ecosystem services

C

Prioritize roadway expansion for private vehicles

D

Concentrate high-rise development irrespective of open space

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33

Which statement best captures the sociological difference between a caste system and a class system?

A

Caste is a closed system with ascribed status, whereas class is more open and based largely on achieved economic position

B

Class is strictly hereditary while caste is purely based on individual achievement

C

Both systems are identical because they both determine occupation by law

D

Caste mobility is higher than class mobility in industrial societies

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34

Which concept, formulated by C. Wright Mills, describes the ability to see the relationship between individual experiences (personal troubles) and larger social forces (public issues)?

A

Sociological imagination

B

Social structure

C

Collective conscience

D

Cultural capital

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35

Which phonological feature notably distinguishes Sindhi from many other Indo-Aryan languages?

A

Absence of retroflex sounds

B

A tonal contrast similar to Punjabi

C

Presence of implosive consonants (e.g., ɓ, ɠ)

D

Use of click consonants

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36

Which phonological feature is characteristic of Punjabi compared with many other Indo‑Aryan languages?

A

Extensive vowel harmony

B

Presence of click consonants

C

Complete absence of tone

D

Use of lexical tones that distinguish word meaning

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37

Which neuropsychological presentation is most characteristic of Broca’s aphasia?

A

Fluent but meaningless speech with severe comprehension deficits.

B

Pure alexia without agraphia, with intact speech production.

C

Global loss of language function with no single dominant feature.

D

Nonfluent, effortful speech with relatively preserved comprehension, typically due to damage in the left inferior frontal cortex.

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38

In Baddeley’s working memory model, which subsystem is primarily responsible for the temporary storage and rehearsal of verbal material?

A

Central executive, which allocates attention and coordinates subsystems.

B

Phonological loop, which maintains verbal and auditory information via rehearsal.

C

Visuospatial sketchpad, which handles visual and spatial data.

D

Episodic buffer, which integrates information into a multi-modal episode.

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39

Which reliability coefficient is most appropriate for assessing the temporal stability of a psychological test when the same test is administered to the same group twice over time?

A

Internal consistency (e.g., Cronbach’s alpha) measuring item homogeneity.

B

Test–retest reliability measuring stability of scores over time.

C

Inter-rater reliability assessing agreement between different scorers.

D

Split-half reliability correlating two halves of a single administration.

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40

A "catch-all" political party is best described as one that:

A

De-emphasizes strict ideology to attract a broad spectrum of voters

B

Focuses exclusively on a narrow class or ethnic constituency

C

Is organized primarily around a charismatic leader with no program

D

Operates only at local levels without national ambitions

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