A yellow card is a formal caution issued by a referee to warn a player for misconduct, such as unsportsmanlike behavior or persistent infringement of the rules. It serves as a disciplinary warning; accumulating two yellow cards in a single match results in a red card, leading to the player's expulsion from the game.

The penalty spot is positioned exactly 12 yards from the goal line. There is a potential conflict here as the question asks for the distance to the 'touch line' while the standard rule refers to the goal line. The provided answer '18 yards' is often confused with the penalty area depth. We preserve the answer as provided.

The Merdeka Cup, also known as the Independence Cup, is a long-standing international football tournament hosted by Malaysia. It was established in 1957 to celebrate the country's independence. It has historically been a significant event for national teams in Southeast Asia and beyond, serving as a platform for football development and regional competition.

The 2018 FIFA World Cup was the 21st edition of the international football tournament. It was hosted by Russia from June 14 to July 15, 2018. This was the first time the tournament was held in Eastern Europe, and it featured 32 national teams competing across various cities in Russia, with France ultimately emerging as the tournament champions.

The FIFA World Cup has been held 21 times since its inception in 1930. The tournament occurs every four years, with the exception of the period during World War II when the event was suspended. This count reflects the total editions up to the 2018 tournament.

The Laws of the Game specify that a size 5 ball, the standard for professional play, must have a circumference between 68cm and 70cm. While the question asks for diameter, in standard football terminology, these figures refer to the circumference. The 70cm limit ensures the ball is not too large, maintaining consistency in aerodynamics and handling for all players.

FIFA was founded on May 21, 1904, in Paris, France. The founding members were the national associations of Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, the Netherlands, Spain, Sweden, and Switzerland. Its establishment was necessary to oversee international competition and standardize the rules of football across different nations, providing a unified governing body for the sport globally.

According to the Laws of the Game, the goal area (often referred to as the six-yard box) is defined by two lines drawn at right angles to the goal line, 5.5 meters (6 yards) from the inside of each goalpost. These lines extend into the field of play for 5.5 meters and are joined by a line drawn parallel with the goal line.

FIFA was founded on May 21, 1904, in Paris. Robert Guérin, a French journalist and football administrator, served as its first president. He was instrumental in bringing together representatives from several European national associations to create a global governing body for the sport of football.

According to the Laws of the Game established by the International Football Association Board (IFAB), goal posts and crossbars must be white. This requirement ensures maximum contrast against the field and background, allowing players, officials, and spectators to clearly identify the goal structure during play.