The Muhammadan Educational Conference was established to discuss and solve the educational problems of Muslims.

He believed the Congress represented Hindu majority interests and that competitive exams and majority rule would marginalize Muslims.

Sir Syed opposed the Indian National Congress, advising Muslims to stay away from its politics.

Tahzib-ul-Akhlaq (Social Reformer) was launched to bring about social and moral reform among Muslims.

The primary aim was to reconcile Muslims with modern education and Western science while retaining Islamic values.

Sir Syed Ahmad Khan founded the Aligarh Movement to uplift the social, educational, and political status of Muslims in India.

The Aga Khan led the delegation of 35 prominent Muslims (Simla Deputation) that met Lord Minto in October 1906 to present Muslim political demands for representation.

After returning from England in 1870, Sir Syed established 'Anjuman-i-Taraqi-i-Muslamanan-i-Hind' to promote the cause of modern education among Indian Muslims.

The Morley-Minto Reforms of 1909 granted separate electorates for Muslims and provided them with reserved seats in excess of their population proportion, legitimizing their status as a distinct minority.

Bampfylde Fuller was the Lt. Governor of Eastern Bengal and Assam. His resignation in 1906 alarmed Muslims who feared the partition of Bengal might be rescinded under Congress pressure.