Sir Syed Ahmed Khan founded the MAO College in 1875 to provide modern Western education to Muslims while retaining Islamic values. It later became Aligarh Muslim University.

Akbar abolished the Jizya (poll tax on non-Muslims) in 1564 as part of his policy of religious tolerance.

The Muslims popularized stitched clothing in India, introducing the Kurta, Pajama, Sherwani, and Salwar Kameez, distinct from the unstitched draped clothing (like Dhoti/Sari) prevalent earlier.

Unani medicine (Greco-Arab medicine) was introduced to India by the Muslims and flourished under royal patronage, becoming an integral part of the Indian healthcare tradition.

Hindustani Classical Music evolved in North India as a result of the synthesis of ancient Vedic chants and Persian musical traditions (Maqam system) introduced by Muslims.

The Muslims introduced the Arcuate style of architecture, characterized by the use of arches, domes, and vaults, replacing the traditional Indian Trabeate (lintel and beam) style.

Firoz Shah Tughlaq was the first Sultan to impose Jizya (a tax on non-Muslims) specifically on Brahmins, who were previously exempted.

Jizya was the tax levied on non-Muslim subjects (Dhimmis) in exchange for their protection and exemption from military service.

Zarb-e-Kaleem, written by Dr. Allama Iqbal in 1936, is an Urdu poetic collection that critiques social, political, and spiritual issues. Known as the 'Hammer of Moses,' it urges Muslims to awaken and reform, showcasing Iqbal’s powerful poetic voice.

The Indian Musulmans, written by W. W. Hunter in 1871, examines the social and political conditions of Muslims in British India. It discusses their marginalization and the need for educational and social reforms.