The Quran is written in Classical Arabic, and prayers (Salah) are recited in Arabic by Muslims worldwide.

Seneca's letters and essays on ethics are classic Stoic texts; he was eventually forced to commit suicide by Nero.

Confucius's teachings, recorded in the 'Analects', formed the foundation of traditional Chinese social and political ethics for millennia.

Kant argued that one should act only according to that maxim by which you can at the same time will that it should become a universal law.

Bilal was a companion of Prophet Muhammad and the first person to call Muslims to prayer.

Abu Hanifa was an 8th-century theologian and jurist whose legal school is the most widely followed among Sunni Muslims.

Kabir's verses are found in the Sikh scripture Guru Granth Sahib; he criticized religious orthodoxy and emphasized personal devotion.

Ali's leadership is the central point of divergence between Sunni and Shia Islam; Shias believe he was the divinely appointed successor to Muhammad.

Muhammad united Arabia into a single religious polity under Islam in the 7th century and is considered the seal of the prophets.

Abraham is revered as the common patriarch of the Abrahamic religions; Jews and Christians trace their lineage to him through Isaac, and Muslims through Ishmael.